ध्वज
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit ध्वज (dhvajá).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /d̪ʱʋəd͡ʒ/, [d̪ʱʋɐd͡ʒ]
Noun
ध्वज • (dhvaj) m (Urdu spelling دھوج)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | ध्वज dhvaj |
ध्वज dhvaj |
| oblique | ध्वज dhvaj |
ध्वजों dhvajõ |
| vocative | ध्वज dhvaj |
ध्वजो dhvajo |
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “ध्वज”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “ध्वज”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit ध्वज (dhvaja).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d̪ʱʋəd͡ʑ/
Noun
ध्वज • (dhvaj) m
Declension
| Declension of ध्वज (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
ध्वज dhvaj | ||
| direct plural |
ध्वज dhvaj | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
ध्वज dhvaj |
ध्वज dhvaj | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
ध्वजा dhvajā |
ध्वजां- dhvajān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
ध्वजाला dhvajālā |
ध्वजांना dhvajānnā | |
| ergative | ध्वजाने, ध्वजानं dhvajāne, dhvajāna |
ध्वजांनी dhvajānnī | |
| instrumental | ध्वजाशी dhvajāśī |
ध्वजांशी dhvajānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
ध्वजात dhvajāt |
ध्वजांत dhvajāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
ध्वजा dhvajā |
ध्वजांनो dhvajānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of ध्वज (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
ध्वजाचा dhvajāċā |
ध्वजाचे dhvajāċe |
ध्वजाची dhvajācī |
ध्वजाच्या dhvajācā |
ध्वजाचे, ध्वजाचं dhvajāċe, dhvajāċa |
ध्वजाची dhvajācī |
ध्वजाच्या dhvajācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
ध्वजांचा dhvajānċā |
ध्वजांचे dhvajānċe |
ध्वजांची dhvajāñcī |
ध्वजांच्या dhvajāncā |
ध्वजांचे, ध्वजांचं dhvajānċe, dhvajānċa |
ध्वजांची dhvajāñcī |
ध्वजांच्या dhvajāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
See also
- ध्वजारोहण (dhvajārohaṇ, “flag hoisting”)
- राष्ट्रध्वज (rāṣṭradhvaj, “national flag”)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “ध्वज”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “ध्वज”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “ध्वज”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ধ্বজ (Assamese script)
- ᬥ᭄ᬯᬚ (Balinese script)
- ধ্বজ (Bengali script)
- 𑰠𑰿𑰪𑰕 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀥𑁆𑀯𑀚 (Brahmi script)
- ဓွဇ (Burmese script)
- ધ્વજ (Gujarati script)
- ਧ੍ਵਜ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌧𑍍𑌵𑌜 (Grantha script)
- ꦣ꧀ꦮꦗ (Javanese script)
- 𑂡𑂹𑂫𑂔 (Kaithi script)
- ಧ್ವಜ (Kannada script)
- ធ្វជ (Khmer script)
- ຘ຺ວຊ (Lao script)
- ധ്വജ (Malayalam script)
- ᢡᠣᠸᠠᡯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘠𑘿𑘪𑘕 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠾᢦᠽᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧀𑧠𑧊𑦵 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐢𑑂𑐰𑐖 (Newa script)
- ଧ୍ଵଜ (Odia script)
- ꢤ꣄ꢮꢙ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆣𑇀𑆮𑆘 (Sharada script)
- 𑖠𑖿𑖪𑖕 (Siddham script)
- ධ්වජ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩮 𑪙𑩾𑩣 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚜𑚶𑚦𑚑 (Takri script)
- த்⁴வஜ (Tamil script)
- ధ్వజ (Telugu script)
- ธฺวช (Thai script)
- དྷྭ་ཛ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒡𑓂𑒫𑒖 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨜𑩇𑨭𑨥 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From the root ध्वज् (dhvaj, “(of a banner) to move and wave around”), of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰweg- (“cloth”), and compared with Proto-Germanic *dōkaz (“cloth, rag”). However, Kroonen and Mayrhofer find this derivation phonetically unconvincing, with Mayrhofer preferring to derive the Sanskrit from a homophonous root *dʰweg-, albeit with a different root meaning "to move back and forth", which he takes as a verbal extension related to धव् (dhav, “to run, flow”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /dʱʋɐ.d͡ʑɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d̪ʱʋɐ.d͡ʑɐ/
Noun
ध्वज • (dhvajá) stem, m
- a flag-staff
- a mark, an emblem
- a characteristic sign
- a distiller or vendor of spirituous liquors
- pride, arrogance, hypocrisy
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ध्वजः (dhvajáḥ) | ध्वजौ (dhvajaú) ध्वजा¹ (dhvajā́¹) |
ध्वजाः (dhvajā́ḥ) ध्वजासः¹ (dhvajā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | ध्वजम् (dhvajám) | ध्वजौ (dhvajaú) ध्वजा¹ (dhvajā́¹) |
ध्वजान् (dhvajā́n) |
| instrumental | ध्वजेन (dhvajéna) | ध्वजाभ्याम् (dhvajā́bhyām) | ध्वजैः (dhvajaíḥ) ध्वजेभिः¹ (dhvajébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ध्वजाय (dhvajā́ya) | ध्वजाभ्याम् (dhvajā́bhyām) | ध्वजेभ्यः (dhvajébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ध्वजात् (dhvajā́t) | ध्वजाभ्याम् (dhvajā́bhyām) | ध्वजेभ्यः (dhvajébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ध्वजस्य (dhvajásya) | ध्वजयोः (dhvajáyoḥ) | ध्वजानाम् (dhvajā́nām) |
| locative | ध्वजे (dhvajé) | ध्वजयोः (dhvajáyoḥ) | ध्वजेषु (dhvajéṣu) |
| vocative | ध्वज (dhvája) | ध्वजौ (dhvájau) ध्वजा¹ (dhvájā¹) |
ध्वजाः (dhvájāḥ) ध्वजासः¹ (dhvájāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- ध्वजगृह (dhvajagṛha, “a room in which banners are kept or from which banners wave”)
- ध्वजग्रीव (dhvajagrīva, “necked like a banner (ie, high-necked)”)
- ध्वजद्रुम (dhvajadruma, “the palm tree used for making flag-staffs”)
- ध्वजनवमी (dhvajanavamī, “festival”)
- ध्वजपट (dhvajapaṭa, “banner-cloth”)
- ध्वजभङ्ग (dhvajabhaṅga, “the fracture or fall of a banner, impotence”)
- ध्वजवत् (dhvajavat, “decorated with banners”)
- ध्वजाग्र (dhvajāgra, “the top of a standard”)
- ध्वजिन् (dhvajin, “having or bearing a banner”)
Descendants
- Pali: dhaja
- Prakrit: 𑀥𑀚 (dhaja), 𑀥𑀸 (dhā), 𑀛𑀬 (jhaya), 𑀛𑀬𑀸 (jhayā)
Borrowed terms
- → Hindi: ध्वज (dhvaj)
- → Assamese: ধ্বজ (dhoz)
- → Bengali: ধ্বজা (dhoja) (semi-learned)
- → Gujarati: ધ્વજ (dhvaj)
- → Kannada: ಧ್ವಜ (dhvaja)
- → Konkani: ध्वज (dhvaj)
- → Malayalam: ധ്വജം (dhvajaṁ)
- → Marathi: ध्वज (dhvaj)
- → Odia: ଧଜା (dhajā), ଧୋଜା (dhojā), ଧ୍ବଜ (dhbaja)
- → Sinhalese: ධවජය (dhawajaya), ධජ (dhaja)
- → Tamil: துசம் (tucam), துவசம் (tuvacam), தூசு (tūcu), தொசம் (tocam)
- ⇒ Telugu: ధ్వజము (dhvajamu)
- → Thai: ธวัช (tá-wát)
- → Indonesian: duaja
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “*dhvajá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 800-1
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “ध्वज”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 522, column 1.
- “ध्वज॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 257, column 2.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “ध्वज”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 135
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dhvaja”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 396
