निर्भय
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निर्भय (nirbhaya). By surface analysis, निर्- (nir-) + भय (bhay).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /nɪɾ.bʱəj/, [nɪɾ.bʱɐj]
Adjective
निर्भय • (nirbhay) (indeclinable)
Further reading
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “निर्भय”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- Platts, John T. (1884) “निर्भय”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “निर्भय”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निर्भय (nirbhaya). By surface analysis, निर्- (nir-) + भय (bhay). Compare Old Marathi 𑘡𑘲𑘨𑘿𑘥𑘧𑘝𑘰 (nīrbhayatā, “fearlessness”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /niɾ.bʱəj/
Adjective
निर्भय • (nirbhay)
Further reading
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “निर्भय”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “निर्भय”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “निर्भय”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- নিৰ্ভয় (Assamese script)
- ᬦᬶᬃᬪᬬ (Balinese script)
- নির্ভয় (Bengali script)
- 𑰡𑰰𑰨𑰿𑰥𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀪𑀬 (Brahmi script)
- နိရ်္ဘယ (Burmese script)
- નિર્ભય (Gujarati script)
- ਨਿਰ੍ਭਯ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌨𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌭𑌯 (Grantha script)
- ꦤꦶꦂꦨꦪ (Javanese script)
- 𑂢𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂦𑂨 (Kaithi script)
- ನಿರ್ಭಯ (Kannada script)
- និភ៌យ (Khmer script)
- ນິຣ຺ຠຍ (Lao script)
- നിര്ഭയ (Malayalam script)
- ᠨᡳᡵᢨᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘡𑘱𑘨𑘿𑘥𑘧 (Modi script)
- ᠨᠢᠷᠪᠾᠠᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧁𑧒𑧈𑧠𑧅𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐨𑐫 (Newa script)
- ନିର୍ଭଯ (Odia script)
- ꢥꢶꢬ꣄ꢩꢫ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆤𑆴𑆫𑇀𑆨𑆪 (Sharada script)
- 𑖡𑖰𑖨𑖿𑖥𑖧 (Siddham script)
- නිර්භය (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩯𑩑𑩼 𑪙𑩳𑩻 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚝𑚮𑚤𑚶𑚡𑚣 (Takri script)
- நிர்ப⁴ய (Tamil script)
- నిర్భయ (Telugu script)
- นิรฺภย (Thai script)
- ནི་རྦྷ་ཡ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒦𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨝𑨁𑨫𑩇𑨡𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From निस्- (nis-, negative prefix) + भय (bhaya, “fear”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /niɾ.bʱɐ.jɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /n̪iɾ.bʱɐ.jɐ/
Adjective
निर्भय • (nirbhaya) stem
- fearless, undaunted, unafraid
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:निर्भय
- free from danger, safe, secure, tranquil
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | निर्भयः (nirbhayaḥ) | निर्भयौ (nirbhayau) निर्भया¹ (nirbhayā¹) |
निर्भयाः (nirbhayāḥ) निर्भयासः¹ (nirbhayāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | निर्भयम् (nirbhayam) | निर्भयौ (nirbhayau) निर्भया¹ (nirbhayā¹) |
निर्भयान् (nirbhayān) |
| instrumental | निर्भयेण (nirbhayeṇa) | निर्भयाभ्याम् (nirbhayābhyām) | निर्भयैः (nirbhayaiḥ) निर्भयेभिः¹ (nirbhayebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | निर्भयाय (nirbhayāya) | निर्भयाभ्याम् (nirbhayābhyām) | निर्भयेभ्यः (nirbhayebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | निर्भयात् (nirbhayāt) | निर्भयाभ्याम् (nirbhayābhyām) | निर्भयेभ्यः (nirbhayebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | निर्भयस्य (nirbhayasya) | निर्भययोः (nirbhayayoḥ) | निर्भयाणाम् (nirbhayāṇām) |
| locative | निर्भये (nirbhaye) | निर्भययोः (nirbhayayoḥ) | निर्भयेषु (nirbhayeṣu) |
| vocative | निर्भय (nirbhaya) | निर्भयौ (nirbhayau) निर्भया¹ (nirbhayā¹) |
निर्भयाः (nirbhayāḥ) निर्भयासः¹ (nirbhayāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | निर्भया (nirbhayā) | निर्भये (nirbhaye) | निर्भयाः (nirbhayāḥ) |
| accusative | निर्भयाम् (nirbhayām) | निर्भये (nirbhaye) | निर्भयाः (nirbhayāḥ) |
| instrumental | निर्भयया (nirbhayayā) निर्भया¹ (nirbhayā¹) |
निर्भयाभ्याम् (nirbhayābhyām) | निर्भयाभिः (nirbhayābhiḥ) |
| dative | निर्भयायै (nirbhayāyai) | निर्भयाभ्याम् (nirbhayābhyām) | निर्भयाभ्यः (nirbhayābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | निर्भयायाः (nirbhayāyāḥ) निर्भयायै² (nirbhayāyai²) |
निर्भयाभ्याम् (nirbhayābhyām) | निर्भयाभ्यः (nirbhayābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | निर्भयायाः (nirbhayāyāḥ) निर्भयायै² (nirbhayāyai²) |
निर्भययोः (nirbhayayoḥ) | निर्भयाणाम् (nirbhayāṇām) |
| locative | निर्भयायाम् (nirbhayāyām) | निर्भययोः (nirbhayayoḥ) | निर्भयासु (nirbhayāsu) |
| vocative | निर्भये (nirbhaye) | निर्भये (nirbhaye) | निर्भयाः (nirbhayāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | निर्भयम् (nirbhayam) | निर्भये (nirbhaye) | निर्भयाणि (nirbhayāṇi) निर्भया¹ (nirbhayā¹) |
| accusative | निर्भयम् (nirbhayam) | निर्भये (nirbhaye) | निर्भयाणि (nirbhayāṇi) निर्भया¹ (nirbhayā¹) |
| instrumental | निर्भयेण (nirbhayeṇa) | निर्भयाभ्याम् (nirbhayābhyām) | निर्भयैः (nirbhayaiḥ) निर्भयेभिः¹ (nirbhayebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | निर्भयाय (nirbhayāya) | निर्भयाभ्याम् (nirbhayābhyām) | निर्भयेभ्यः (nirbhayebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | निर्भयात् (nirbhayāt) | निर्भयाभ्याम् (nirbhayābhyām) | निर्भयेभ्यः (nirbhayebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | निर्भयस्य (nirbhayasya) | निर्भययोः (nirbhayayoḥ) | निर्भयाणाम् (nirbhayāṇām) |
| locative | निर्भये (nirbhaye) | निर्भययोः (nirbhayayoḥ) | निर्भयेषु (nirbhayeṣu) |
| vocative | निर्भय (nirbhaya) | निर्भये (nirbhaye) | निर्भयाणि (nirbhayāṇi) निर्भया¹ (nirbhayā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: nibbhaya
- Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀬 (ṇibbhaya)
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- Old Marathi:
- Devanagari script: निभ (nibha)
- Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘥 (nībha)
- Old Marathi:
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- → Assamese: নিৰ্ভয় (nirbhoy) (learned)
- → Bengali: নির্ভয় (nirbhoẏ) (learned)
- → Hindi: निर्भय (nirbhay) (learned)
- → Gujarati: નિર્ભય (nirbhaya) (learned)
- → Kannada: ನಿರ್ಭಯ (nirbhaya) (learned)
- → Lao: ນິຣະໄພ (ni ra phai)
- → Maithili: (learned)
- Devanagari script: निर्भय (nirbhay)
- Tirhuta script: 𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒦𑒨 (nirbhaya)
- → Malayalam: നിർഭയം (niṟbhayaṁ) (learned)
- → Marathi: निर्भय (nirbhay) (learned)
- → Odia: ନିର୍ଭୟ (nirbhaya) (learned)
- → Sinhalese: නිර්භය (nirbhaya) (learned)
- → Telugu: నిర్భయము (nirbhayamu)
- → Thai: นิรภัย (ní-rá-pai)
Noun
निर्भय • (nirbhaya) stem, n
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | निर्भयम् (nirbhayam) | निर्भये (nirbhaye) | निर्भयाणि (nirbhayāṇi) निर्भया¹ (nirbhayā¹) |
| accusative | निर्भयम् (nirbhayam) | निर्भये (nirbhaye) | निर्भयाणि (nirbhayāṇi) निर्भया¹ (nirbhayā¹) |
| instrumental | निर्भयेण (nirbhayeṇa) | निर्भयाभ्याम् (nirbhayābhyām) | निर्भयैः (nirbhayaiḥ) निर्भयेभिः¹ (nirbhayebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | निर्भयाय (nirbhayāya) | निर्भयाभ्याम् (nirbhayābhyām) | निर्भयेभ्यः (nirbhayebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | निर्भयात् (nirbhayāt) | निर्भयाभ्याम् (nirbhayābhyām) | निर्भयेभ्यः (nirbhayebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | निर्भयस्य (nirbhayasya) | निर्भययोः (nirbhayayoḥ) | निर्भयाणाम् (nirbhayāṇām) |
| locative | निर्भये (nirbhaye) | निर्भययोः (nirbhayayoḥ) | निर्भयेषु (nirbhayeṣu) |
| vocative | निर्भय (nirbhaya) | निर्भये (nirbhaye) | निर्भयाणि (nirbhayāṇi) निर्भया¹ (nirbhayā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “निर्भय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 541.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “निर्भय”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “निर्भय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “nirbhaya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press