भय

See also: भैया

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भय (bhaya).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /bʱəj/, [bʱɐj], /bʱɛː/

Noun

भय • (bhay) m (Urdu spelling بھے or بھئے)

dread, fear
Synonyms: डर (ḍar), ख़ौफ़ (xauf), आतंक (ātaṅk)

जब भूत उसके सामने आया, वह भय से चीत्कार किया।
jab bhūt uske sāmne āyā, vah bhay se cītkār kiyā.
When the ghost appeared before him, he shrieked with fear.

Declension

Declension of भय (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	भय bhay	भय bhay
oblique	भय bhay	भयों bhayõ
vocative	भय bhay	भयो bhayo

Derived terms

अभय (abhay)
निर्भय (nirbhay)
निर्भयता (nirbhaytā)
भयंकर (bhayaṅkar)
भयंकरता (bhayaṅkartā)
भयभीत (bhaybhīt)
भयातुर (bhayātur)
भयानक (bhayānak)
भयानकता (bhayānaktā)
भयावह (bhayāvah)
भयावहता (bhayāvahtā)
सभय (sabhay)

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भय (bhaya).

Noun

भय • (bhaya) n

fear, danger

Alternative forms

भयु (bhayu)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

bhaya (Latin script)
𑀪𑀬 (Brahmi script)
ভয (Bengali script)
භය (Sinhalese script)
ဘယ or ꧤယ (Burmese script)
ภย or ภะยะ (Thai script)
ᨽᨿ (Tai Tham script)
ຠຍ or ຠະຍະ (Lao script)
ភយ (Khmer script)
𑄞𑄠 (Chakma script)

Noun

भय n

Devanagari script form of bhaya (“fear”)

Declension

Declension table of "भय" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	भयं (bhayaṃ)	भयानि (bhayāni)
Accusative (second)	भयं (bhayaṃ)	भयानि (bhayāni)
Instrumental (third)	भयेन (bhayena)	भयेहि (bhayehi) or भयेभि (bhayebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भयस्स (bhayassa) or भयाय (bhayāya) or भयत्थं (bhayatthaṃ)	भयानं (bhayānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भयस्मा (bhayasmā) or भयम्हा (bhayamhā) or भया (bhayā)	भयेहि (bhayehi) or भयेभि (bhayebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भयस्स (bhayassa)	भयानं (bhayānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भयस्मिं (bhayasmiṃ) or भयम्हि (bhayamhi) or भये (bhaye)	भयेसु (bhayesu)
Vocative (calling)	भय (bhaya)	भयानि (bhayāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ভয় (Assamese script)
ᬪᬬ (Balinese script)
ভয় (Bengali script)
𑰥𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀪𑀬 (Brahmi script)
ဘယ (Burmese script)
ભય (Gujarati script)
ਭਯ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌭𑌯 (Grantha script)
ꦨꦪ (Javanese script)
𑂦𑂨 (Kaithi script)
ಭಯ (Kannada script)
ភយ (Khmer script)
ຠຍ (Lao script)
ഭയ (Malayalam script)
ᢨᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘥𑘧 (Modi script)
ᠪᠾᠠᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧅𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
𑐨𑐫 (Newa script)
ଭଯ (Odia script)
ꢩꢫ (Saurashtra script)
𑆨𑆪 (Sharada script)
𑖥𑖧 (Siddham script)
භය (Sinhalese script)
𑩳𑩻 (Soyombo script)
𑚡𑚣 (Takri script)
ப⁴ய (Tamil script)
భయ (Telugu script)
ภย (Thai script)
བྷ་ཡ (Tibetan script)
𑒦𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
𑨡𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to fear”). Cognate with Old English bifian (“to tremble”), Persian (bim, “fear”) and Russian бояться (bojatʹsja).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /bʱɐ.jɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /bʱɐ.jɐ/

Noun

भय • (bhayá) stem, n

fear, alarm, dread, terror, dismay
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.41.10:
  इन्द्रो॑ अ॒ङ्ग म॒हद्भ॒यम्अ॒भी षदप॑ चुच्यवत्।
  स हि स्थि॒रो विच॑र्षणिः॥
  índro aṅgá mahádbhayámabhī́ ṣádápa cucyavat.
  sá hí sthiró vícarṣaṇiḥ.
  May Indra, dissipate all great and overpowering fear, for he is resolute, and the beholder of all.
danger, peril, distress

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of भय
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	भयम् (bhayám)	भये (bhayé)	भयानि (bhayā́ni) भया¹ (bhayā́¹)
accusative	भयम् (bhayám)	भये (bhayé)	भयानि (bhayā́ni) भया¹ (bhayā́¹)
instrumental	भयेन (bhayéna)	भयाभ्याम् (bhayā́bhyām)	भयैः (bhayaíḥ) भयेभिः¹ (bhayébhiḥ¹)
dative	भयाय (bhayā́ya)	भयाभ्याम् (bhayā́bhyām)	भयेभ्यः (bhayébhyaḥ)
ablative	भयात् (bhayā́t)	भयाभ्याम् (bhayā́bhyām)	भयेभ्यः (bhayébhyaḥ)
genitive	भयस्य (bhayásya)	भययोः (bhayáyoḥ)	भयानाम् (bhayā́nām)
locative	भये (bhayé)	भययोः (bhayáyoḥ)	भयेषु (bhayéṣu)
vocative	भय (bháya)	भये (bháye)	भयानि (bháyāni) भया¹ (bháyā¹)

¹Vedic

Related terms

भीम (bhīma, “fearful”)
अभय (abhaya, “fearless”)
भयंकर (bhayaṃkara, “fearful”)

Descendants

Pali: bhaya
Prakrit: 𑀪𑀬 (bhaya)
Maharastri Prakrit:
- Konkani: भंय (bhãy)
- Marathi: भें (bhẽ)
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਭੌ (bhau)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Hindi: भौ (bhau)
→ Assamese: ভয় (bhoy)
→ Bengali: ভয় (bhoẏ)
→ Hindi: भय (bhay)
→ Kannada: ಭಯ (bhaya)
→ Lü: ᦺᦘ (phay)
→ Malay: bahaya
- Indonesian: bahaya
→ Malayalam: ഭയം (bhayaṁ)
→ Old Gujarati: भय (bhaya)
→ Old Javanese: bhaya
- Javanese: ꦧꦪ (baya, “danger, hazard”)
- → Balinese: ᬪᬬ (baya, “danger, peril”)
→ Tamil: பயம் (payam)
→ Telugu: భయము (bhayamu)
→ Thai: ภัย (pai)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “भय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 747.