मस्तक

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मस्तक (mastaka).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /məs.t̪ək/, [mɐs.t̪ɐk]

Noun

मस्तक • (mastak) m (Urdu spelling مستک)

Declension

Declension of *मस्तक* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	मस्तक mastak	मस्तक mastak
oblique	मस्तक mastak	मस्तकों mastakõ
vocative	मस्तक mastak	मस्तको mastako

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

মস্তক (Assamese script)
ᬫᬲ᭄ᬢᬓ (Balinese script)
মস্তক (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀓 (Brahmi script)
မသ္တက (Burmese script)
મસ્તક (Gujarati script)
ਮਸ੍ਤਕ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌮𑌸𑍍𑌤𑌕 (Grantha script)
ꦩꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ (Javanese script)
𑂧𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂍 (Kaithi script)
ಮಸ್ತಕ (Kannada script)
មស្តក (Khmer script)
ມສ຺ຕກ (Lao script)
മസ്തക (Malayalam script)
ᠮᠠᠰ᠌ᢠᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘦𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘎 (Modi script)
ᠮᠠᠰᢐᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧆𑧍𑧠𑦽𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐎 (Newa script)
ମସ୍ତକ (Odia script)
ꢪꢱ꣄ꢡꢒ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆑 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖎 (Siddham script)
මස‍්තක (Sinhalese script)
𑩴𑪁 𑪙𑩫𑩜 (Soyombo script)
𑚢𑚨𑚶𑚙𑚊 (Takri script)
மஸ்தக (Tamil script)
మస్తక (Telugu script)
มสฺตก (Thai script)
མ་སྟ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
𑨢𑨰𑩇𑨙𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /mɐs.tɐ.kɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /mɐs̪.t̪ɐ.kɐ/

Noun

मस्तक • (mastaka) stem, m or n

the head, skull
the upper part of anything, top, summit (especially of mountains or trees)
the tuft of leaves which grows at the top of various species of palm trees

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मस्तक
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मस्तकः (mastakaḥ)	मस्तकौ (mastakau) मस्तका¹ (mastakā¹)	मस्तकाः (mastakāḥ) मस्तकासः¹ (mastakāsaḥ¹)
accusative	मस्तकम् (mastakam)	मस्तकौ (mastakau) मस्तका¹ (mastakā¹)	मस्तकान् (mastakān)
instrumental	मस्तकेन (mastakena)	मस्तकाभ्याम् (mastakābhyām)	मस्तकैः (mastakaiḥ) मस्तकेभिः¹ (mastakebhiḥ¹)
dative	मस्तकाय (mastakāya)	मस्तकाभ्याम् (mastakābhyām)	मस्तकेभ्यः (mastakebhyaḥ)
ablative	मस्तकात् (mastakāt)	मस्तकाभ्याम् (mastakābhyām)	मस्तकेभ्यः (mastakebhyaḥ)
genitive	मस्तकस्य (mastakasya)	मस्तकयोः (mastakayoḥ)	मस्तकानाम् (mastakānām)
locative	मस्तके (mastake)	मस्तकयोः (mastakayoḥ)	मस्तकेषु (mastakeṣu)
vocative	मस्तक (mastaka)	मस्तकौ (mastakau) मस्तका¹ (mastakā¹)	मस्तकाः (mastakāḥ) मस्तकासः¹ (mastakāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of मस्तक
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मस्तकम् (mastakam)	मस्तके (mastake)	मस्तकानि (mastakāni) मस्तका¹ (mastakā¹)
accusative	मस्तकम् (mastakam)	मस्तके (mastake)	मस्तकानि (mastakāni) मस्तका¹ (mastakā¹)
instrumental	मस्तकेन (mastakena)	मस्तकाभ्याम् (mastakābhyām)	मस्तकैः (mastakaiḥ) मस्तकेभिः¹ (mastakebhiḥ¹)
dative	मस्तकाय (mastakāya)	मस्तकाभ्याम् (mastakābhyām)	मस्तकेभ्यः (mastakebhyaḥ)
ablative	मस्तकात् (mastakāt)	मस्तकाभ्याम् (mastakābhyām)	मस्तकेभ्यः (mastakebhyaḥ)
genitive	मस्तकस्य (mastakasya)	मस्तकयोः (mastakayoḥ)	मस्तकानाम् (mastakānām)
locative	मस्तके (mastake)	मस्तकयोः (mastakayoḥ)	मस्तकेषु (mastakeṣu)
vocative	मस्तक (mastaka)	मस्तके (mastake)	मस्तकानि (mastakāni) मस्तका¹ (mastakā¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Dameli: maštak
- Gawar-Bati: مَستَک (masták), مَستَاک (mastā́k)
- Kalasha: mhāsta, māsta
- Phalura: مات (mātu)
- Shina: مت, متھو
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: mat, math
Prakrit: 𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣 (mattha)
- Central:
  - Awadhi: माथ (māth)
  - Hindustani: māthā
    Hindi: माथा
    
    Urdu: مَاتھَا
- Western:
  - Gujarati: માથું (māthũ)
  - Marwari: माथो (mātho)
- Northwestern:
  - Kachchi: મથો (matho)
  - Punjabi: matthā
    Gurmukhi script: ਮੱਥਾ
    
    Shahmukhi script: مَتَّا
  - Sindhi: mathu, matho
    Arabic script: مَٺُ, مَٺو
    
    Devanagari script: मथु, मथो
- Eastern:
  - Assamese: মাথা (matha)
  - Bengali: মাথা (matha)
  - Bihari:
    - Bhojpuri: माथ (māth)
    - Maithili: माथ (māth)
    - Odia: ମାଥ (mātha)
- Northern:
  - Central Pahari:
    - Garhwali: माथो (mātho)
    - Kumaoni: मथा (mathā), माँथ (mā̃th)
  - Eastern Pahari:
    - Nepali: माथ (māth), माथि (māthi)
- Insular:
  - Dhivehi: މަތި (mati), މަތީ (matī), މަޗައް (macak̊)
  - Sinhalese: මත්ත (matta), මතු (matu), මත (mata)
- Southern:
  - Konkani:
    Devanagari script: माथें (māthẽ)
    
    Latin script: mathẽ
    
    Kannada script: ಮಾಥೆಂ
  - Marathi: माथा (māthā)
→ Proto-Nuristani:
- Ashkun: mōstə
- Kamkata-viri: mištə, mŕũšⁱte
- Prasuni: must
- Waigali: muštä
→ Hindi: मस्तक (mastak)
→ Old Javanese: mastaka
- > Javanese: ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ (mustaka) (inherited)
→ Tamil: மஸ்தகம் (mastakam), மத்தகம் (mattakam)
→ Telugu: మస్తకము (mastakamu)
→ Malayalam: മസ്തകം (mastakaṁ)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “masta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 571