मूर्धन्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

মূৰ্ধন্ (Assamese script)
ᬫᬹᬃᬥᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
মূর্ধন্ (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰳𑰨𑰿𑰠𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀽𑀭𑁆𑀥𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
မူရ်္ဓန် (Burmese script)
મૂર્ધન્ (Gujarati script)
ਮੂਰ੍ਧਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌮𑍂𑌰𑍍𑌧𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦩꦹꦂꦣꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂧𑂴𑂩𑂹𑂡𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ಮೂರ್ಧೝ (Kannada script)
មូធ៌ន៑ (Khmer script)
ມູຣ຺ຘນ຺ (Lao script)
മൂര്ധന് (Malayalam script)
ᠮᡠᡠᡵᢡᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
𑘦𑘴𑘨𑘿𑘠𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
ᠮᠤᠤᠷᢑᠾᠠᠨ (Mongolian script)
𑧆𑧕𑧈𑧠𑧀𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐢𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
ମୂର୍ଧନ୍ (Odia script)
ꢪꢹꢬ꣄ꢤꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆷𑆫𑇀𑆣𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖳𑖨𑖿𑖠𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
මූර්‍ධන් (Sinhalese script)
𑩴𑩒𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩮𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚢𑚱𑚤𑚶𑚜𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
மூர்த⁴ந் (Tamil script)
మూర్ధౝ (Telugu script)
มูรฺธนฺ (Thai script)
མཱུ་རྡྷ་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒴𑒩𑓂𑒡𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨢𑨃𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨜𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ

Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥Hdʰā́

Sanskrit मूर्धन् (mūrdhan)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mr̥Hdʰā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥Hdʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ. Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (kamər^əδa, “head”), Old English molda, Tocharian A malto (“firstly”), and perhaps Ancient Greek βλωθρός (blōthrós, “high (of trees)”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /muːɾ.dʱɐ́n/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /muːɾ.d̪ʱɐn̪/

Noun

मूर्धन् • (mūrdhán) stem, m

the forehead, skull, head
(figurative) the top of something, apex, summit; beginning, first
(geometry) the base
(linguistics) the roof/top of the palate
(Buddhism) a state of exaltation

Declension

Masculine an-stem declension of मूर्धन्
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मूर्धा (mūrdhā́)	मूर्धानौ (mūrdhā́nau) मूर्धाना¹ (mūrdhā́nā¹)	मूर्धानः (mūrdhā́naḥ)
accusative	मूर्धानम् (mūrdhā́nam)	मूर्धानौ (mūrdhā́nau) मूर्धाना¹ (mūrdhā́nā¹)	मूर्ध्नः (mūrdhnáḥ)
instrumental	मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā́)	मूर्धभ्याम् (mūrdhábhyām)	मूर्धभिः (mūrdhábhiḥ)
dative	मूर्ध्ने (mūrdhné)	मूर्धभ्याम् (mūrdhábhyām)	मूर्धभ्यः (mūrdhábhyaḥ)
ablative	मूर्ध्नः (mūrdhnáḥ)	मूर्धभ्याम् (mūrdhábhyām)	मूर्धभ्यः (mūrdhábhyaḥ)
genitive	मूर्ध्नः (mūrdhnáḥ)	मूर्ध्नोः (mūrdhnóḥ)	मूर्ध्नाम् (mūrdhnā́m)
locative	मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhní) मूर्धनि (mūrdháni) मूर्धन्¹ (mūrdhán¹)	मूर्ध्नोः (mūrdhnóḥ)	मूर्धसु (mūrdhásu)
vocative	मूर्धन् (mū́rdhan)	मूर्धानौ (mū́rdhānau) मूर्धाना¹ (mū́rdhānā¹)	मूर्धानः (mū́rdhānaḥ)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

मूर्धन्य (mūrdhanya, “retroflex”)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Chilisso: [script needed] (mudə)
- Grangali: [script needed] (mūndə, “neck”)
- Kalasha: mọn
- Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (muda, “upwards”)
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (mundā)
Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: මුදුන (muduna)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)
- Assamese: মূধ (mudh, “ridge of the roof”)
- Old Bengali: মোঢ (moḍha)
  - Middle Bengali: মোঢ় (mōṛh)
    - Bengali: মোড় (mōṛ, “roadhead”)
    - Bengali: মউড়া (mouṛa, “forefront”)
    - Bengali: মুড়ো (muṛō, “terminal”)
- Bihari: मूढ (mūṛh, “root of sugarcane”)
  - Maithili: मुड (mūṛ)
- Odia: ମୁଣ୍ଡ (muṇḍa)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)
- Marathi: मुंढी (muṇḍhī)
Pali: muddhan
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)
- Garhwali: मुंड (muṇḍ)
- Gujarati: મંડી (maṇḍī)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: मुढ (muḍh)
- Kumaoni: मुंड (muṇḍ)
- Nepali: मुंड (muṇḍa)
- Punjabi: ਮੁੱਢ (muḍḍha), ਮੁੰਢ (muṇḍh)
- Sindhi: मुण्ढु (muṇḍhu), मुण्ढी f (muṇḍhī)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “मूर्धन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 826/1.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mūrdhán”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 368
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 666