रुग्ण
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रुग्ण (rugṇa).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɾʊɡ.ɳᵊ/
Adjective
रुग्ण • (rugṇa) (indeclinable)
Related terms
- रुग्णालय (rugṇālay)
References
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “रुग्ण”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “रुग्ण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रुग्ण (rugṇa).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɾuɡ.ɳə/
- Hyphenation: रुग्‧ण, रु‧ग्ण
- Rhymes: -ə
Noun
रुग्ण • (rugṇa) m or f
Declension
| Declension of रुग्ण (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
रुग्ण rugṇa | ||
| direct plural |
रुग्ण rugṇa | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
रुग्ण rugṇa |
रुग्ण rugṇa | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
रुग्णा rugṇā |
रुग्णां- rugṇān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
रुग्णाला rugṇālā |
रुग्णांना rugṇānnā | |
| ergative | रुग्णाने, रुग्णानं rugṇāne, rugṇāna |
रुग्णांनी rugṇānnī | |
| instrumental | रुग्णाशी rugṇāśī |
रुग्णांशी rugṇānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
रुग्णात rugṇāt |
रुग्णांत rugṇāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
रुग्णा rugṇā |
रुग्णांनो rugṇānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of रुग्ण (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
रुग्णाचा rugṇāċā |
रुग्णाचे rugṇāċe |
रुग्णाची rugṇācī |
रुग्णाच्या rugṇācā |
रुग्णाचे, रुग्णाचं rugṇāċe, rugṇāċa |
रुग्णाची rugṇācī |
रुग्णाच्या rugṇācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
रुग्णांचा rugṇānċā |
रुग्णांचे rugṇānċe |
रुग्णांची rugṇāñcī |
रुग्णांच्या rugṇāncā |
रुग्णांचे, रुग्णांचं rugṇānċe, rugṇānċa |
रुग्णांची rugṇāñcī |
रुग्णांच्या rugṇāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- रुग्णवाहिका (rugṇavāhikā, “ambulance”)
- रुग्णालय (rugṇālay, “hospital”)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৰুগ্ণ (Assamese script)
- ᬭᬸᬕ᭄ᬡ (Balinese script)
- রুগ্ণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰲𑰐𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- ရုဂ္ဏ (Burmese script)
- રુગ્ણ (Gujarati script)
- ਰੁਗ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌰𑍁𑌗𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦫꦸꦒ꧀ꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂳𑂏𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ರುಗ್ಣ (Kannada script)
- រុគ្ណ (Khmer script)
- ຣຸຄ຺ຓ (Lao script)
- രുഗ്ണ (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡠᡤᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘨𑘳𑘐𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠤᠺᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧈𑧔𑦰𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐸𑐐𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
- ରୁଗ୍ଣ (Odia script)
- ꢬꢸꢔ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆶𑆓𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖲𑖐𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
- රුග්ණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩼𑩒𑩞 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚤𑚰𑚌𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
- ருக்³ண (Tamil script)
- రుగ్ణ (Telugu script)
- รุคฺณ (Thai script)
- རུ་གྞ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒳𑒑𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨃𑨍𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *lug-nó-s. Related to Latin luxus, Ancient Greek λοξός (loxós), Lithuanian lugnas and Old Norse lykna. Also related to रोग (roga) and रुजति (rujati).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɾuɡ.ɳɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɾuɡ.ɳɐ/
Adjective
रुग्ण • (rugṇá) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रुग्णः (rugṇáḥ) | रुग्णौ (rugṇaú) रुग्णा¹ (rugṇā́¹) |
रुग्णाः (rugṇā́ḥ) रुग्णासः¹ (rugṇā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | रुग्णम् (rugṇám) | रुग्णौ (rugṇaú) रुग्णा¹ (rugṇā́¹) |
रुग्णान् (rugṇā́n) |
| instrumental | रुग्णेन (rugṇéna) | रुग्णाभ्याम् (rugṇā́bhyām) | रुग्णैः (rugṇaíḥ) रुग्णेभिः¹ (rugṇébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | रुग्णाय (rugṇā́ya) | रुग्णाभ्याम् (rugṇā́bhyām) | रुग्णेभ्यः (rugṇébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रुग्णात् (rugṇā́t) | रुग्णाभ्याम् (rugṇā́bhyām) | रुग्णेभ्यः (rugṇébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रुग्णस्य (rugṇásya) | रुग्णयोः (rugṇáyoḥ) | रुग्णानाम् (rugṇā́nām) |
| locative | रुग्णे (rugṇé) | रुग्णयोः (rugṇáyoḥ) | रुग्णेषु (rugṇéṣu) |
| vocative | रुग्ण (rúgṇa) | रुग्णौ (rúgṇau) रुग्णा¹ (rúgṇā¹) |
रुग्णाः (rúgṇāḥ) रुग्णासः¹ (rúgṇāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रुग्णा (rugṇā́) | रुग्णे (rugṇé) | रुग्णाः (rugṇā́ḥ) |
| accusative | रुग्णाम् (rugṇā́m) | रुग्णे (rugṇé) | रुग्णाः (rugṇā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | रुग्णया (rugṇáyā) रुग्णा¹ (rugṇā́¹) |
रुग्णाभ्याम् (rugṇā́bhyām) | रुग्णाभिः (rugṇā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | रुग्णायै (rugṇā́yai) | रुग्णाभ्याम् (rugṇā́bhyām) | रुग्णाभ्यः (rugṇā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रुग्णायाः (rugṇā́yāḥ) रुग्णायै² (rugṇā́yai²) |
रुग्णाभ्याम् (rugṇā́bhyām) | रुग्णाभ्यः (rugṇā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रुग्णायाः (rugṇā́yāḥ) रुग्णायै² (rugṇā́yai²) |
रुग्णयोः (rugṇáyoḥ) | रुग्णानाम् (rugṇā́nām) |
| locative | रुग्णायाम् (rugṇā́yām) | रुग्णयोः (rugṇáyoḥ) | रुग्णासु (rugṇā́su) |
| vocative | रुग्णे (rúgṇe) | रुग्णे (rúgṇe) | रुग्णाः (rúgṇāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रुग्णम् (rugṇám) | रुग्णे (rugṇé) | रुग्णानि (rugṇā́ni) रुग्णा¹ (rugṇā́¹) |
| accusative | रुग्णम् (rugṇám) | रुग्णे (rugṇé) | रुग्णानि (rugṇā́ni) रुग्णा¹ (rugṇā́¹) |
| instrumental | रुग्णेन (rugṇéna) | रुग्णाभ्याम् (rugṇā́bhyām) | रुग्णैः (rugṇaíḥ) रुग्णेभिः¹ (rugṇébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | रुग्णाय (rugṇā́ya) | रुग्णाभ्याम् (rugṇā́bhyām) | रुग्णेभ्यः (rugṇébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रुग्णात् (rugṇā́t) | रुग्णाभ्याम् (rugṇā́bhyām) | रुग्णेभ्यः (rugṇébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रुग्णस्य (rugṇásya) | रुग्णयोः (rugṇáyoḥ) | रुग्णानाम् (rugṇā́nām) |
| locative | रुग्णे (rugṇé) | रुग्णयोः (rugṇáyoḥ) | रुग्णेषु (rugṇéṣu) |
| vocative | रुग्ण (rúgṇa) | रुग्णे (rúgṇe) | रुग्णानि (rúgṇāni) रुग्णा¹ (rúgṇā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
रुग्ण • (rugṇá) stem, n
- a cleft, fissure
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.31.6:
- विदद्यदी सरमा रुग्णम्अद्रेर्महि पाथः पूर्व्यं सध्र्यक्कः ।
अग्रं नयत्सुपद्यक्षराणामच्छा रवं प्रथमा जानती गात् ॥- vidadyadī saramā rugṇamadrermahi pāthaḥ pūrvyaṃ sadhryakkaḥ.
agraṃ nayatsupadyakṣarāṇāmacchā ravaṃ prathamā jānatī gāt. - When Saramā had found the mountain's fissure, that vast and ancient place she plundered thoroughly.
In the floods' van she led them forth, light-footed: she who well knew came first unto their lowing.
- vidadyadī saramā rugṇamadrermahi pāthaḥ pūrvyaṃ sadhryakkaḥ.
- विदद्यदी सरमा रुग्णम्अद्रेर्महि पाथः पूर्व्यं सध्र्यक्कः ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रुग्णम् (rugṇám) | रुग्णे (rugṇé) | रुग्णानि (rugṇā́ni) रुग्णा¹ (rugṇā́¹) |
| accusative | रुग्णम् (rugṇám) | रुग्णे (rugṇé) | रुग्णानि (rugṇā́ni) रुग्णा¹ (rugṇā́¹) |
| instrumental | रुग्णेन (rugṇéna) | रुग्णाभ्याम् (rugṇā́bhyām) | रुग्णैः (rugṇaíḥ) रुग्णेभिः¹ (rugṇébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | रुग्णाय (rugṇā́ya) | रुग्णाभ्याम् (rugṇā́bhyām) | रुग्णेभ्यः (rugṇébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रुग्णात् (rugṇā́t) | रुग्णाभ्याम् (rugṇā́bhyām) | रुग्णेभ्यः (rugṇébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रुग्णस्य (rugṇásya) | रुग्णयोः (rugṇáyoḥ) | रुग्णानाम् (rugṇā́nām) |
| locative | रुग्णे (rugṇé) | रुग्णयोः (rugṇáyoḥ) | रुग्णेषु (rugṇéṣu) |
| vocative | रुग्ण (rúgṇa) | रुग्णे (rúgṇe) | रुग्णानि (rúgṇāni) रुग्णा¹ (rúgṇā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- Pali: lugga
- → Hindi: रुग्ण (rugṇa) (learned)
- → Marathi: रुग्ण (rugṇa) (learned)
- Devanagari script: रुग्ण
- Modi script: 𑘨𑘳𑘐𑘿𑘜
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “रुग्ण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 882.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “रुग्ण”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “rugṇá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press