लम्बते

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

रम्बते (rámbate) — Vedic

Etymology

With Vedic रम्बते (rámbate), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *lámbatay, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lemb(ʰ)- (“to hang down”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *limpaną, whence English limp.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /lɐ́m.bɐ.tɐj/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /l̪ɐm.bɐ.t̪eː/

Verb

लम्बते • (lámbate) third-singular indicative (class 1, type A, present, root लम्ब्)

to hang down, depend, dangle, hang from or on [with locative]
- Suparṇ
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
to sink, go down, decline, fall, set (as the sun)
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
- 200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature
to be fastened or attached to, cling to, hold or rest on [with locative]
to fall or stay behind, be retarded
- c. 400 CE, Lāṭadeva, Sūryasiddhānta
to tag, loiter, delay, tarry

Conjugation

Present: लम्बते (lámbate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	लम्बते lámbate	लम्बेते lámbete	लम्बन्ते lámbante
Second	- -	- -	- -	लम्बसे lámbase	लम्बेथे lámbethe	लम्बध्वे lámbadhve
First	- -	- -	- -	लम्बे lámbe	लम्बावहे lámbāvahe	लम्बामहे lámbāmahe
Imperative
Third	- -	- -	- -	लम्बताम् lámbatām	लम्बेताम् lámbetām	लम्बन्ताम् lámbantām
Second	- -	- -	- -	लम्बस्व lámbasva	लम्बेथाम् lámbethām	लम्बध्वम् lámbadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	लम्बै lámbai	लम्बावहै lámbāvahai	लम्बामहै lámbāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	- -	- -	- -	लम्बेत lámbeta	लम्बेयाताम् lámbeyātām	लम्बेरन् lámberan
Second	- -	- -	- -	लम्बेथाः lámbethāḥ	लम्बेयाथाम् lámbeyāthām	लम्बेध्वम् lámbedhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	लम्बेय lámbeya	लम्बेवहि lámbevahi	लम्बेमहि lámbemahi
Subjunctive
Third	- -	- -	- -	लम्बाते / लम्बातै lámbāte / lámbātai	लम्बैते lámbaite	लम्बन्त / लम्बान्तै lámbanta / lámbāntai
Second	- -	- -	- -	लम्बासे / लम्बासै lámbāse / lámbāsai	लम्बैथे lámbaithe	लम्बाध्वै lámbādhvai
First	- -	- -	- -	लम्बै lámbai	लम्बावहै lámbāvahai	लम्बामहै lámbāmahai
Participles
	- -			लम्बमान lámbamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.

Imperfect: अलम्बत (álambata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	अलम्बत álambata	अलम्बेताम् álambetām	अलम्बन्त álambanta
Second	- -	- -	- -	अलम्बथाः álambathāḥ	अलम्बेथाम् álambethām	अलम्बध्वम् álambadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	अलम्बे álambe	अलम्बावहि álambāvahi	अलम्बामहि álambāmahi

Derived terms

अवलम्बते (avalambate)
आलम्बते (ālambate)
उल्लम्बते (ullambate)
परिलम्बते (parilambate)
प्रतिलम्बते (pratilambate)
प्रलम्बते (pralambate)
विलम्बते (vilambate)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: لَمُن (lamun, “to pull”)
Pali: लम्बति (lambati)
Prakrit: लंबइ (laṃbaï)
- Kumaoni: लम्यूणो (lamyūṇo, “to pull down”), लमड़णो (lamaṛṇo)
- Old Marathi: 𑘩𑘰𑘽𑘤𑘜𑘹 (lāṃbaṇe)
  - Marathi: लांबणे (lāmbṇe)
- ⇒ Punjabi: لَمَکݨا / ਲਮਕਣਾ (lamakṇā, “to hang”)
- Sindhi: لَمَڻُ / लमणु (lamaṇu, “to hover”)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “लम्बते”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 897.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “lámbatē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
William Dwight Whitney (1885) The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 146