वि
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱি (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬶ (Balinese script)
- বি (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ဝိ (Burmese script)
- વિ (Gujarati script)
- ਵਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ವಿ (Kannada script)
- វិ (Khmer script)
- ວິ (Lao script)
- വി (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଵି (Odia script)
- ꢮꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖰 (Siddham script)
- වි (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚮 (Takri script)
- வி (Tamil script)
- వి (Telugu script)
- วิ (Thai script)
- ཝི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋí/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋi/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wí, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wí, from Proto-Indo-European *wí. Cognate with elements of Hittite 𒈾𒃾 (na-wi, “not yet”) and Old English wiþ (English with).[1]
Alternative forms
- वि- (vi-) (combining form)
Adverb
वि • (ví)
- apart
- asunder
- in different directions
- to and fro, about
- away, away from
- off
- without
Preposition
वि • (ví) (+ accusative)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hwíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwíš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwis (“bird”). Cognate with Latin avis (“bird”), Ancient Greek ἀετός (aetós, “eagle”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (vaiia).[2]
Alternative forms
- वय् (váy)
Noun
वि • (ví) stem, m
- a bird
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.48.6:
- वि या सृ॒जति॒ सम॑नं॒ व्य१॒॑र्थिनः॑ प॒दं न वे॒त्योद॑ती।
वयो॒ नकि॑ष्टे पप्ति॒वांस॑ आसते॒ व्यु॑ष्टौ वाजिनीवति॥- ví yā́ sṛjáti sámanaṃ vyàrthínaḥ padáṃ ná vetyódatī.
váyo nákiṣṭe paptivā́ṃsa āsate vyùṣṭau vājinīvati. - She sends the busy forth, each man to his pursuit: delay she knows not as she springs.
O rich in opulence, after thy dawning birds that have flown forth no longer rest.
- ví yā́ sṛjáti sámanaṃ vyàrthínaḥ padáṃ ná vetyódatī.
- वि या सृ॒जति॒ सम॑नं॒ व्य१॒॑र्थिनः॑ प॒दं न वे॒त्योद॑ती।
Inflection
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | विः (víḥ) वेः (véḥ) |
वी (vī́) | वयः (váyaḥ) |
| accusative | विम् (vím) | वी (vī́) | वीन् (vī́n) |
| instrumental | विना (vínā) व्या¹ (vyā́¹) |
विभ्याम् (víbhyām) | विभिः (víbhiḥ) |
| dative | वये (váye) | विभ्याम् (víbhyām) | विभ्यः (víbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वेः (véḥ) व्यः¹ (vyáḥ¹) |
विभ्याम् (víbhyām) | विभ्यः (víbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वेः (véḥ) व्यः¹ (vyáḥ¹) |
व्योः (vyóḥ) | वीनाम् (vīnā́m) |
| locative | वौ (vaú) वा¹ (vā́¹) |
व्योः (vyóḥ) | विषु (víṣu) |
| vocative | वे (vé) | वी (vī́) | वयः (váyaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “वि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 949, column 3.
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “ví”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 549-550
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “váy-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 507-8