विशेषण
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit विशेषण (viśeṣaṇa).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʋɪ.ʃeː.ʂəɳ/, [ʋɪ.ʃeː.ʃɐ̃ɳ]
Adjective
विशेषण • (viśeṣaṇ) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling وشيشن) (rare, formal)
Noun
विशेषण • (viśeṣaṇ) m (Urdu spelling وشيشن)
- the act of distinguishing, distinction, discrimination, particularisation
- a distinguishing mark or attribute
- (grammar) an adjective
- a species, kind
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | विशेषण viśeṣaṇ |
विशेषण viśeṣaṇ |
| oblique | विशेषण viśeṣaṇ |
विशेषणों viśeṣaṇõ |
| vocative | विशेषण viśeṣaṇ |
विशेषणो viśeṣaṇo |
Related terms
- क्रियाविशेषण (kriyāviśeṣaṇ, “adverb”)
Further reading
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “विशेषण”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “विशेषण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884) “विशेषण”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit विशेषण (viśeṣaṇa).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ʋi.ɕe.ʂəɳ/
Noun
विशेषण • (viśeṣaṇ) n
Declension
| Declension of विशेषण (neut cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
विशेषण viśeṣaṇ | ||
| direct plural |
विशेषणे, विशेषणं viśeṣaṇe, viśeṣṇa | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
विशेषण viśeṣaṇ |
विशेषणे, विशेषणं viśeṣaṇe, viśeṣṇa | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
विशेषणा viśeṣaṇā |
विशेषणां- viśeṣaṇān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
विशेषणाला viśeṣaṇālā |
विशेषणांना viśeṣaṇānnā | |
| ergative | विशेषणाने, विशेषणानं viśeṣaṇāne, viśeṣaṇāna |
विशेषणांनी viśeṣaṇānnī | |
| instrumental | विशेषणाशी viśeṣaṇāśī |
विशेषणांशी viśeṣaṇānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
विशेषणात viśeṣaṇāt |
विशेषणांत viśeṣaṇāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
विशेषणा viśeṣaṇā |
विशेषणांनो viśeṣaṇānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of विशेषण (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
विशेषणाचा viśeṣaṇāċā |
विशेषणाचे viśeṣaṇāċe |
विशेषणाची viśeṣaṇācī |
विशेषणाच्या viśeṣaṇācā |
विशेषणाचे, विशेषणाचं viśeṣaṇāċe, viśeṣaṇāċa |
विशेषणाची viśeṣaṇācī |
विशेषणाच्या viśeṣaṇācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
विशेषणांचा viśeṣaṇānċā |
विशेषणांचे viśeṣaṇānċe |
विशेषणांची viśeṣaṇāñcī |
विशेषणांच्या viśeṣaṇāncā |
विशेषणांचे, विशेषणांचं viśeṣaṇānċe, viśeṣaṇānċa |
विशेषणांची viśeṣaṇāñcī |
विशेषणांच्या viśeṣaṇāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “विशेषण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱিশেষণ (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬶᬰᬾᬱᬡ (Balinese script)
- বিশেষণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰰𑰫𑰸𑰬𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀺𑀰𑁂𑀱𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- ဝိၐေၑဏ (Burmese script)
- વિશેષણ (Gujarati script)
- ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑌿𑌶𑍇𑌷𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦶꦯꦺꦰꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂱𑂬𑂵𑂭𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ವಿಶೇಷಣ (Kannada script)
- វិឝេឞណ (Khmer script)
- ວິເຨຩຓ (Lao script)
- വിശേഷണ (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡳᡧᡝᢢᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘱𑘫𑘹𑘬𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠢᠱᠧᢔᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧒𑧋𑧚𑧌𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐶𑐱𑐾𑐲𑐞 (Newa script)
- ଵିଶେଷଣ (Odia script)
- ꢮꢶꢯꢾꢰꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆴𑆯𑆼𑆰𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖰𑖫𑖸𑖬𑖜 (Siddham script)
- විශෙෂණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩑𑩿𑩔𑪀𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚮𑚧𑚲𑚘 (Takri script)
- விஶேஷண (Tamil script)
- విశేషణ (Telugu script)
- วิเศษณ (Thai script)
- ཝི་ཤེ་ཥ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒱𑒬𑒹𑒭𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨁𑨮𑨄𑨯𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From वि- (vi-) + शिष् (śiṣ, root) + -अन (-ana).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋi.ɕɐj.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋi.ɕeː.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/
Adjective
विशेषण • (viśeṣaṇa) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | विशेषणः (viśeṣaṇaḥ) | विशेषणौ (viśeṣaṇau) विशेषणा¹ (viśeṣaṇā¹) |
विशेषणाः (viśeṣaṇāḥ) विशेषणासः¹ (viśeṣaṇāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | विशेषणम् (viśeṣaṇam) | विशेषणौ (viśeṣaṇau) विशेषणा¹ (viśeṣaṇā¹) |
विशेषणान् (viśeṣaṇān) |
| instrumental | विशेषणेन (viśeṣaṇena) | विशेषणाभ्याम् (viśeṣaṇābhyām) | विशेषणैः (viśeṣaṇaiḥ) विशेषणेभिः¹ (viśeṣaṇebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | विशेषणाय (viśeṣaṇāya) | विशेषणाभ्याम् (viśeṣaṇābhyām) | विशेषणेभ्यः (viśeṣaṇebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | विशेषणात् (viśeṣaṇāt) | विशेषणाभ्याम् (viśeṣaṇābhyām) | विशेषणेभ्यः (viśeṣaṇebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | विशेषणस्य (viśeṣaṇasya) | विशेषणयोः (viśeṣaṇayoḥ) | विशेषणानाम् (viśeṣaṇānām) |
| locative | विशेषणे (viśeṣaṇe) | विशेषणयोः (viśeṣaṇayoḥ) | विशेषणेषु (viśeṣaṇeṣu) |
| vocative | विशेषण (viśeṣaṇa) | विशेषणौ (viśeṣaṇau) विशेषणा¹ (viśeṣaṇā¹) |
विशेषणाः (viśeṣaṇāḥ) विशेषणासः¹ (viśeṣaṇāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | विशेषणी (viśeṣaṇī) | विशेषण्यौ (viśeṣaṇyau) विशेषणी¹ (viśeṣaṇī¹) |
विशेषण्यः (viśeṣaṇyaḥ) विशेषणीः¹ (viśeṣaṇīḥ¹) |
| accusative | विशेषणीम् (viśeṣaṇīm) | विशेषण्यौ (viśeṣaṇyau) विशेषणी¹ (viśeṣaṇī¹) |
विशेषणीः (viśeṣaṇīḥ) |
| instrumental | विशेषण्या (viśeṣaṇyā) | विशेषणीभ्याम् (viśeṣaṇībhyām) | विशेषणीभिः (viśeṣaṇībhiḥ) |
| dative | विशेषण्यै (viśeṣaṇyai) | विशेषणीभ्याम् (viśeṣaṇībhyām) | विशेषणीभ्यः (viśeṣaṇībhyaḥ) |
| ablative | विशेषण्याः (viśeṣaṇyāḥ) विशेषण्यै² (viśeṣaṇyai²) |
विशेषणीभ्याम् (viśeṣaṇībhyām) | विशेषणीभ्यः (viśeṣaṇībhyaḥ) |
| genitive | विशेषण्याः (viśeṣaṇyāḥ) विशेषण्यै² (viśeṣaṇyai²) |
विशेषण्योः (viśeṣaṇyoḥ) | विशेषणीनाम् (viśeṣaṇīnām) |
| locative | विशेषण्याम् (viśeṣaṇyām) | विशेषण्योः (viśeṣaṇyoḥ) | विशेषणीषु (viśeṣaṇīṣu) |
| vocative | विशेषणि (viśeṣaṇi) | विशेषण्यौ (viśeṣaṇyau) विशेषणी¹ (viśeṣaṇī¹) |
विशेषण्यः (viśeṣaṇyaḥ) विशेषणीः¹ (viśeṣaṇīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | विशेषणम् (viśeṣaṇam) | विशेषणे (viśeṣaṇe) | विशेषणानि (viśeṣaṇāni) विशेषणा¹ (viśeṣaṇā¹) |
| accusative | विशेषणम् (viśeṣaṇam) | विशेषणे (viśeṣaṇe) | विशेषणानि (viśeṣaṇāni) विशेषणा¹ (viśeṣaṇā¹) |
| instrumental | विशेषणेन (viśeṣaṇena) | विशेषणाभ्याम् (viśeṣaṇābhyām) | विशेषणैः (viśeṣaṇaiḥ) विशेषणेभिः¹ (viśeṣaṇebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | विशेषणाय (viśeṣaṇāya) | विशेषणाभ्याम् (viśeṣaṇābhyām) | विशेषणेभ्यः (viśeṣaṇebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | विशेषणात् (viśeṣaṇāt) | विशेषणाभ्याम् (viśeṣaṇābhyām) | विशेषणेभ्यः (viśeṣaṇebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | विशेषणस्य (viśeṣaṇasya) | विशेषणयोः (viśeṣaṇayoḥ) | विशेषणानाम् (viśeṣaṇānām) |
| locative | विशेषणे (viśeṣaṇe) | विशेषणयोः (viśeṣaṇayoḥ) | विशेषणेषु (viśeṣaṇeṣu) |
| vocative | विशेषण (viśeṣaṇa) | विशेषणे (viśeṣaṇe) | विशेषणानि (viśeṣaṇāni) विशेषणा¹ (viśeṣaṇā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
विशेषण • (viśeṣaṇa) stem, n
- the act of distinguishing, distinction, discrimination, particularisation
- a distinguishing mark or attribute; a difference
- (grammar) a word which particularises or defines; an adjective
- a species, kind
- surpassing, excelling
- (rhetoric) a figure of speech in which the excellence of a thing is implied by comparing it to some highly prized object
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | विशेषणम् (viśeṣaṇam) | विशेषणे (viśeṣaṇe) | विशेषणानि (viśeṣaṇāni) विशेषणा¹ (viśeṣaṇā¹) |
| accusative | विशेषणम् (viśeṣaṇam) | विशेषणे (viśeṣaṇe) | विशेषणानि (viśeṣaṇāni) विशेषणा¹ (viśeṣaṇā¹) |
| instrumental | विशेषणेन (viśeṣaṇena) | विशेषणाभ्याम् (viśeṣaṇābhyām) | विशेषणैः (viśeṣaṇaiḥ) विशेषणेभिः¹ (viśeṣaṇebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | विशेषणाय (viśeṣaṇāya) | विशेषणाभ्याम् (viśeṣaṇābhyām) | विशेषणेभ्यः (viśeṣaṇebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | विशेषणात् (viśeṣaṇāt) | विशेषणाभ्याम् (viśeṣaṇābhyām) | विशेषणेभ्यः (viśeṣaṇebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | विशेषणस्य (viśeṣaṇasya) | विशेषणयोः (viśeṣaṇayoḥ) | विशेषणानाम् (viśeṣaṇānām) |
| locative | विशेषणे (viśeṣaṇe) | विशेषणयोः (viśeṣaṇayoḥ) | विशेषणेषु (viśeṣaṇeṣu) |
| vocative | विशेषण (viśeṣaṇa) | विशेषणे (viśeṣaṇe) | विशेषणानि (viśeṣaṇāni) विशेषणा¹ (viśeṣaṇā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: visesana
- → Hindustani: (learned)
- Hindi: विशेषण (viśeṣaṇ)
- Urdu: وشیشن (viśeṣaṇ)
- → Punjabi: ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ (viśeśaṇ)
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “विशेषण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 991, column 1.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “विशेषण”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan