शफ
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- শফ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬨ (Balinese script)
- শফ (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰣 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀨 (Brahmi script)
- ၐဖ (Burmese script)
- શફ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਫ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑌫 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦦ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂤 (Kaithi script)
- ಶಫ (Kannada script)
- ឝផ (Khmer script)
- ຨຜ (Lao script)
- ശഫ (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᠠᡦᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘣 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠠᠹᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧃 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐦 (Newa script)
- ଶଫ (Odia script)
- ꢯꢧ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆦 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖣 (Siddham script)
- ශඵ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩱 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚟 (Takri script)
- ஶப² (Tamil script)
- శఫ (Telugu script)
- ศผ (Thai script)
- ཤ་ཕ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒤 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨟 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćapʰás (“hoof”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós (“hoof”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬀 (safa, “hoof”), Old English hōf (whence English hoof).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕɐ.pʰɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɕɐ.pʰɐ/
Noun
शफ • (śaphá) stem, m
- hoof
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.83.5:
- यस्य॑ व्र॒ते पृ॑थि॒वी नन्न॑मीति॒ यस्य॑ व्र॒ते श॒फव॒ज्जर्भु॑रीति ।
यस्य॑ व्र॒त ओष॑धीर्वि॒श्वरू॑पाः॒ स नः॑ पर्जन्य॒ महि॒ शर्म॑ यच्छ ॥- yásya vraté pṛthivī́ nánnamīti yásya vraté śaphávajjárbhurīti.
yásya vratá óṣadhīrviśvárūpāḥ sá naḥ parjanya máhi śárma yaccha. - Thou at whose bidding earth bows low before thee, at whose command hoofed cattle quiver in terror
At whose behest the plants assume all colours, even thou Parjanya, yield us great protection.
- yásya vraté pṛthivī́ nánnamīti yásya vraté śaphávajjárbhurīti.
- यस्य॑ व्र॒ते पृ॑थि॒वी नन्न॑मीति॒ यस्य॑ व्र॒ते श॒फव॒ज्जर्भु॑रीति ।
- claw
- a wooden implement shaped like a claw
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शफः (śapháḥ) | शफौ (śaphaú) शफा¹ (śaphā́¹) |
शफाः (śaphā́ḥ) शफासः¹ (śaphā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | शफम् (śaphám) | शफौ (śaphaú) शफा¹ (śaphā́¹) |
शफान् (śaphā́n) |
| instrumental | शफेन (śaphéna) | शफाभ्याम् (śaphā́bhyām) | शफैः (śaphaíḥ) शफेभिः¹ (śaphébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शफाय (śaphā́ya) | शफाभ्याम् (śaphā́bhyām) | शफेभ्यः (śaphébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शफात् (śaphā́t) | शफाभ्याम् (śaphā́bhyām) | शफेभ्यः (śaphébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शफस्य (śaphásya) | शफयोः (śapháyoḥ) | शफानाम् (śaphā́nām) |
| locative | शफे (śaphé) | शफयोः (śapháyoḥ) | शफेषु (śaphéṣu) |
| vocative | शफ (śápha) | शफौ (śáphau) शफा¹ (śáphā¹) |
शफाः (śáphāḥ) शफासः¹ (śáphāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: sapha
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “शफ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1052, column 1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 608