शर्व

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Ćarwás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (sa^uruua, name of a Daeva). The name is probably derived from the same root as शरु (śáru, “arrow”).^[1][2] Lubotsky claims non-Indo-European origin^[3] and connects Tocharian A śaru (“hunter”), Tocharian B śer(u)we (“hunter”)^[4]

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐɾ.ʋɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕɐɾ.ʋɐ/

शर्व • (śarvá) stem, m

1. the name of a manifestation of Rudra-Śiva in his fierce aspect, as a fierce deity who kills people with arrows; Śarva is considered in the Vedas, along with Paśupati, Bhava, and others, to be a name of Rudra
   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.5:

     नमो भवाय च रुद्राय च नमः शर्वाय च पशुपतये च

     namo bhavāya ca rudrāya ca namaḥ śarvāya ca paśupataye ca

     Homage to Bhava and to Rudra.
     Homage to Śarva and to the lord of cattle.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 6.93.1:

     यमो मृत्युरघमारो निर्ऋथो बभ्रुः शर्वोऽस्ता नीलशिखण्डः ।
     देवजनाः सेनयोत्तस्थिवांसस्ते अस्माकं परि वृञ्जन्तु वीरान् ॥

     yamo mṛtyuraghamāro nirṛtho babhruḥ śarvoʼstā nīlaśikhaṇḍaḥ.
     devajanāḥ senayottasthivāṃsaste asmākaṃ pari vṛñjantu vīrān.

     Yama, [who is] Death, direly fatal, the Destroyer, with his black crest, and Śarva the tawny archer,
     And all the Gods uprisen with their army, may these on every side avoid [striking] our heroes.

   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 10.7:

     सञ्जय उवाच ।
     एवं सञ्चिन्तयित्वा तु द्रोणपुत्रो विशां पते ।
     अवतीर्य रथोपस्थाद् दध्यौ स प्रयतः स्थितः ॥
     द्रौणिर् उवाच।
     उग्रं स्थाणुं शिवं रुद्रं शर्वम् ईशानम् ईश्वरम् ।
     गिरिशं वरदं देवं भवं भावनम् अव्ययम् ॥
     शितिकण्ठम् अजं रुद्रं दक्षक्रतुहरं हरम्।
     विश्वरूपं विरूपाक्षं बहुरूपम् उमापतिम् ॥
     श्मशानवासिनं दृप्तं महागणपतिं विभुम् ।
     खट्वाङ्गधारिणं मुण्डं जटिलं ब्रह्मचारिणम् ॥

     sañjaya uvāca.
     evaṃ sañcintayitvā tu droṇaputro viśāṃ pate.
     avatīrya rathopasthād dadhyau sa prayataḥ sthitaḥ.
     drauṇir uvāca.
     ugraṃ sthāṇuṃ śivaṃ rudraṃ śarvam īśānam īśvaram.
     giriśaṃ varadaṃ devaṃ bhavaṃ bhāvanam avyayam.
     śitikaṇṭham ajaṃ rudraṃ dakṣakratuharaṃ haram.
     viśvarūpaṃ virūpākṣaṃ bahurūpam umāpatim.
     śmaśānavāsinaṃ dṛptaṃ mahāgaṇapatiṃ vibhum.
     khaṭvāṅgadhāriṇaṃ muṇḍaṃ jaṭilaṃ brahmacāriṇam.

     Sanjaya said: "The son of Drona, O monarch, having reflected thus, descended from the terrace of his car and stood, bending his head unto that supreme god. And he said, '[I seek the protection of] Him called Ugra, Sthanu, Shiva, Rudra, Sharva, Ishana, Ishvara, Girisha; and of that boon-giving god who is the Creator and Lord of the universe; of Him whose throat is blue, who is without birth, who is called Shakra, who destroyed the yajna of Daksha, and who is called Hara; of Him whose form is the universe, who hath three eyes, who is possessed of multifarious forms, and who is the lord of Uma; of Him who resides in crematoriums, who swells with energy, who is the lord of diverse tribes of ghostly beings, and who is the possessor of undecaying prosperity and power; of Him who wields the skull-topped club, who is called Rudra, who bears matted locks on his head, and who is a brahmacari...'"