शिथिर
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- শিথিৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬶᬣᬶᬭ (Balinese script)
- শিথির (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰰𑰞𑰰𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀺𑀣𑀺𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ၐိထိရ (Burmese script)
- શિથિર (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਿਥਿਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑌿𑌥𑌿𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦶꦡꦶꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂱𑂟𑂱𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಶಿಥಿರ (Kannada script)
- ឝិថិរ (Khmer script)
- ຨິຖິຣ (Lao script)
- ശിഥിര (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᡳᡨᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘱𑘞𑘱𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠢᠲᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧒𑦾𑧒𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐶𑐠𑐶𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଶିଥିର (Odia script)
- ꢯꢶꢢꢶꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆴𑆡𑆴𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖰𑖞𑖰𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ශිථිර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩑𑩬𑩑𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚮𑚚𑚮𑚤 (Takri script)
- ஶிதி²ர (Tamil script)
- శిథిర (Telugu script)
- ศิถิร (Thai script)
- ཤི་ཐི་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒱𑒟𑒱𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨁𑨚𑨁𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
An Old Indo-Aryan corruption of an earlier *śṛthirá.[1][2][3] Compare the dialectal variant शिथिल (śithilá), Pali saṭhila, Prakrit 𑀲𑀠𑀺𑀮 (saḍhila), 𑀲𑀺𑀠𑀺𑀮 (siḍhila). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥th₂-ró-s,[1] from *ḱreth₂-. Compare Old English hreddan. The Sanskrit root is श्रथ् (śrath, “to be loosened or untied”).[2][3]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕi.tʰi.ɾɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɕi.t̪ʰi.ɾɐ/
Adjective
शिथिर • (śithirá) stem[3][4][5][6]
- loose, slack, flexible, relaxed, flaccid
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 10.2.3.1:
- चतुष्टयं युजते संहितान्तं जानुभ्यामूर्ध्वं शिथिरं कबन्धम् ।
- catuṣṭayaṃ yujate saṃhitāntaṃ jānubhyāmūrdhvaṃ śithiraṃ kabandham.
- A fourfold frame is fixed with ends connected, and up above the knees a loose belly.
- चतुष्टयं युजते संहितान्तं जानुभ्यामूर्ध्वं शिथिरं कबन्धम् ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शिथिरः (śithiráḥ) | शिथिरौ (śithiraú) शिथिरा¹ (śithirā́¹) |
शिथिराः (śithirā́ḥ) शिथिरासः¹ (śithirā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | शिथिरम् (śithirám) | शिथिरौ (śithiraú) शिथिरा¹ (śithirā́¹) |
शिथिरान् (śithirā́n) |
| instrumental | शिथिरेण (śithiréṇa) | शिथिराभ्याम् (śithirā́bhyām) | शिथिरैः (śithiraíḥ) शिथिरेभिः¹ (śithirébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शिथिराय (śithirā́ya) | शिथिराभ्याम् (śithirā́bhyām) | शिथिरेभ्यः (śithirébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शिथिरात् (śithirā́t) | शिथिराभ्याम् (śithirā́bhyām) | शिथिरेभ्यः (śithirébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शिथिरस्य (śithirásya) | शिथिरयोः (śithiráyoḥ) | शिथिराणाम् (śithirā́ṇām) |
| locative | शिथिरे (śithiré) | शिथिरयोः (śithiráyoḥ) | शिथिरेषु (śithiréṣu) |
| vocative | शिथिर (śíthira) | शिथिरौ (śíthirau) शिथिरा¹ (śíthirā¹) |
शिथिराः (śíthirāḥ) शिथिरासः¹ (śíthirāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शिथिरा (śithirā́) | शिथिरे (śithiré) | शिथिराः (śithirā́ḥ) |
| accusative | शिथिराम् (śithirā́m) | शिथिरे (śithiré) | शिथिराः (śithirā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | शिथिरया (śithiráyā) शिथिरा¹ (śithirā́¹) |
शिथिराभ्याम् (śithirā́bhyām) | शिथिराभिः (śithirā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | शिथिरायै (śithirā́yai) | शिथिराभ्याम् (śithirā́bhyām) | शिथिराभ्यः (śithirā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शिथिरायाः (śithirā́yāḥ) शिथिरायै² (śithirā́yai²) |
शिथिराभ्याम् (śithirā́bhyām) | शिथिराभ्यः (śithirā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शिथिरायाः (śithirā́yāḥ) शिथिरायै² (śithirā́yai²) |
शिथिरयोः (śithiráyoḥ) | शिथिराणाम् (śithirā́ṇām) |
| locative | शिथिरायाम् (śithirā́yām) | शिथिरयोः (śithiráyoḥ) | शिथिरासु (śithirā́su) |
| vocative | शिथिरे (śíthire) | शिथिरे (śíthire) | शिथिराः (śíthirāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शिथिरम् (śithirám) | शिथिरे (śithiré) | शिथिराणि (śithirā́ṇi) शिथिरा¹ (śithirā́¹) |
| accusative | शिथिरम् (śithirám) | शिथिरे (śithiré) | शिथिराणि (śithirā́ṇi) शिथिरा¹ (śithirā́¹) |
| instrumental | शिथिरेण (śithiréṇa) | शिथिराभ्याम् (śithirā́bhyām) | शिथिरैः (śithiraíḥ) शिथिरेभिः¹ (śithirébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शिथिराय (śithirā́ya) | शिथिराभ्याम् (śithirā́bhyām) | शिथिरेभ्यः (śithirébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शिथिरात् (śithirā́t) | शिथिराभ्याम् (śithirā́bhyām) | शिथिरेभ्यः (śithirébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शिथिरस्य (śithirásya) | शिथिरयोः (śithiráyoḥ) | शिथिराणाम् (śithirā́ṇām) |
| locative | शिथिरे (śithiré) | शिथिरयोः (śithiráyoḥ) | शिथिरेषु (śithiréṣu) |
| vocative | शिथिर (śíthira) | शिथिरे (śíthire) | शिथिराणि (śíthirāṇi) शिथिरा¹ (śíthirā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “ŚRATH¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 663
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 9.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Monier Williams (1899) “शिथिर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1071.
- ^ Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “शिथिर”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1551
- ^ Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “śithira”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- ^ Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “शिथिर”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 313