शिव

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिव (śiva).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃɪʋ/
• (mimicking Sanskrit) (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃɪ.ʋɑː/, [ʃɪ.ʋäː]

शिव • (śiv) m

1. (Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱi-wó-s (“dear, intimate, friendly”), from *ḱey- (“to settle down, to live”). Compare शेव (śeva), Proto-Germanic *hīwą (“marriage”), *hīwô (“household”), Latvian sieva f (“wife”), Latin cīvis, cīvīlis (“civilized, polite”).

In the Vedas, Rudra was often described with this adjective; eventually it got nominalized into a proper noun and Rudra came to be merged with the deity worshipped today.

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕi.ʋɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕi.ʋɐ/

शिव • (śivá) stem

1. auspicious, favourable, kind
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.5.9:

     शि॒वस् त्व॑ष्टर् इ॒हा ग॑हि
     वि॒भुः पोष॑ उ॒त त्मना॑ ।
     य॒ज्ञे य॑ज्ञे न॒ उद् अ॑व ॥

     śivás tvaṣṭar ihā́ gahi
     vibhúḥ póṣa utá tmánā.
     yajñé yajñe na úd ava.

     Rich in all plenty, Tvaṣṭar, come as an auspicious one, by your own free will
     Help us in every worship-ritual.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.8.10:

     नमः॑ शंक॒राय॑ च मयस्क॒राय॑ च॒ नमः॑ शि॒वाय॑ च शि॒वत॑राय च॒

     námaḥ śaṃkarā́ya ca mayaskarā́ya ca námaḥ śivā́ya ca śivátarāya ca

     Homage to [Rudra], the maker of happiness, and to the maker of delight.
     Homage to the auspicious, and to the more auspicious.

2. happy, fortunate

शिव • (śiva) stem, m

1. (Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:शिव

   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 3.105:

     स तप्यमानः सुमहत् तपो योगसमन्वितः ।
     आससाद महात्मानं त्र्यक्षं त्रिपुरमर्दनम् ॥
     शंकरं भवम् ईशानं पिनाकिं शूलपाणिनम् ।
     त्र्यम्बकं शिवम् उग्रेशं बहुरूपम् उमापतिम् ॥

     sa tapyamānaḥ sumahat tapo yogasamanvitaḥ.
     āsasāda mahātmānaṃ tryakṣaṃ tripuramardanam.
     śaṃkaraṃ bhavam īśānaṃ pinākiṃ śūlapāṇinam.
     tryambakaṃ śivam ugreśaṃ bahurūpam umāpatim.

     And being engaged in the practice of rigid austerities, and (also) engaged in the contemplation known by the name of Yoga, he obtained the sight of the magnanimous God with three eyes--the slayer of Tripurasura; [also known as] Śaṃkara, Bhava, Īśāna; the holder of the Pinaka bow; carrying in his hand his (well-known weapon)--the trident; [also known as] Tryambaka [and] Śiva; the ruler of all those that are fierce; capable of assuming very many forms; and the lord of the goddess Uma.

   • c. 900 CE – 1500, Śiva Purāṇa 4.42.13:

     अन्ये च ये समुत्पन्ना यथानुक्रमतो लयम् ॥
     यांति नैव तथा रुद्रः शिवे रुद्रो विलीयते ॥

     anye ca ye samutpannā yathānukramato layam.
     yāṃti naiva tathā rudraḥ śive rudro vilīyate.

     Other beings and gods who are born get dissolved in due order but not so Rudra. Rudra gets merged in Śiva.

2. (in the dual) Shiva and his wife
3. a male given name

शिव • (śivá) stem, m or n

1. m happiness, welfare
2. m liberation, final emancipation
3. n welfare, prosperity, bliss

• Pali: Siva
  • → Burmese: သိဝ (si.wa.)
  • → Thai: ศิวะ (sì-wá)
• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀯 (siva)
• → Assamese: শিৱ (xiw)
• → Bengali: শিব (śibo)
• → Chinese: 濕婆 / 湿婆 (Shīpó)
• → Marathi: शिव (śiv)
• → Gujarati: શિવ (śiv)
• → Hindi: शिव (śiv)
• → Javanese: Siwah
• → Kannada: ಶಿವ (śiva)
• → Khmer: សិវៈ (sevaʼ), សូលី (soulii)
• → Odia: ଶିବ (śiba)
• → Tamil: சிவன் (civaṉ)

• Monier Williams (1899) “शिव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1074.