शीर्ष

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शीर्ष (śīrṣa). Doublet of सीस (sīs), which was inherited.

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃiːɾʂ/, [ʃiːɾʃ]

Noun

शीर्ष • (śīrṣ) m (Urdu spelling شیرش)

head, apex, top
सरकार में शीर्ष पद ― sarkār mẽ śīrṣ pad ― top posts in the government
(geometry) vertex (of a triangle)

Declension

Declension of *शीर्ष* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	शीर्ष śīrṣ	शीर्ष śīrṣ
oblique	शीर्ष śīrṣ	शीर्षों śīrṣõ
vocative	शीर्ष śīrṣ	शीर्षो śīrṣo

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शीर्ष”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

শীৰ্ষ (Assamese script)
ᬰᬷᬃᬱ (Balinese script)
শীর্ষ (Bengali script)
𑰫𑰱𑰨𑰿𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀰𑀻𑀭𑁆𑀱 (Brahmi script)
ၐီရ္ၑ (Burmese script)
શીર્ષ (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼ੀਰ੍ਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌶𑍀𑌰𑍍𑌷 (Grantha script)
ꦯꦷꦂꦰ (Javanese script)
𑂬𑂲𑂩𑂹𑂭 (Kaithi script)
ಶೀರ್ಷ (Kannada script)
ឝីឞ៌ (Khmer script)
ຨີຣ຺ຩ (Lao script)
ശീര്ഷ (Malayalam script)
ᡧᡳᡳᡵᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘫𑘲𑘨𑘿𑘬 (Modi script)
ᠱᠢᠢᠷᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧋𑧓𑧈𑧠𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
𑐱𑐷𑐬𑑂𑐲 (Newa script)
ଶୀର୍ଷ (Odia script)
ꢯꢷꢬ꣄ꢰ (Saurashtra script)
𑆯𑆵𑆫𑇀𑆰 (Sharada script)
𑖫𑖱𑖨𑖿𑖬 (Siddham script)
ශීර්‍ෂ (Sinhalese script)
𑩿𑩑𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑪀 (Soyombo script)
𑚧𑚯𑚤𑚶 (Takri script)
ஶீர்ஷ (Tamil script)
శీర్ష (Telugu script)
ศีรฺษ (Thai script)
ཤཱི་རྵ (Tibetan script)
𑒬𑒲𑒩𑓂𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
𑨮𑨁𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śr̥Hsá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćr̥Hšá, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱérh₂-sō, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κάρα (kára), Old English hærn (whence English harns). Collateral to Vedic Sanskrit शीर्षन् (śīrṣán).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕiːɾ.ʂɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕiːɾ.ʂɐ/

Noun

शीर्ष • (śīrṣá) stem, n

(anatomy) head, skull

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of शीर्ष
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शीर्षम् (śīrṣám)	शीर्षे (śīrṣé)	शीर्षाणि (śīrṣā́ṇi) शीर्षा¹ (śīrṣā́¹)
accusative	शीर्षम् (śīrṣám)	शीर्षे (śīrṣé)	शीर्षाणि (śīrṣā́ṇi) शीर्षा¹ (śīrṣā́¹)
instrumental	शीर्षेण (śīrṣéṇa)	शीर्षाभ्याम् (śīrṣā́bhyām)	शीर्षैः (śīrṣaíḥ) शीर्षेभिः¹ (śīrṣébhiḥ¹)
dative	शीर्षाय (śīrṣā́ya)	शीर्षाभ्याम् (śīrṣā́bhyām)	शीर्षेभ्यः (śīrṣébhyaḥ)
ablative	शीर्षात् (śīrṣā́t)	शीर्षाभ्याम् (śīrṣā́bhyām)	शीर्षेभ्यः (śīrṣébhyaḥ)
genitive	शीर्षस्य (śīrṣásya)	शीर्षयोः (śīrṣáyoḥ)	शीर्षाणाम् (śīrṣā́ṇām)
locative	शीर्षे (śīrṣé)	शीर्षयोः (śīrṣáyoḥ)	शीर्षेषु (śīrṣéṣu)
vocative	शीर्ष (śī́rṣa)	शीर्षे (śī́rṣe)	शीर्षाणि (śī́rṣāṇi) शीर्षा¹ (śī́rṣā¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

शीर्षासन (śīrṣāsana)
मार्गशीर्ष (mārgaśīrṣa)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Chilisso: [script needed] (šiš)
- Kalasha: ṣiṣ
- Kamkata-viri: ṣīṣ
- Phalura: ṣiṣ
- Shina: ݜݜ (ṣĭṣ), ݜیݜ (ṣīṣ), ݜںݜ (ṣĭ̃ṣu)
  - Indus Kohistani: ݜِݜ (šiš), شِش (ṣiṣ)
  - Kohistani Shina: ݜیݜو (ṣīṣo)
- Savi: ṣiṣ
Pali: sīsa, sīsaka
Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sissa), 𑀲𑀻𑀲 (sīsa)
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sissa)
    - Baltic Romani: sīs
    - Braj: सीस (sīs)
    - Gujarati: શીસ (śīs)
    - Hindustani: sīs
      - Hindi: सीस
      - Urdu: سِیس (sīs)
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: শীহ (xih)
    - Bengali: শীষ (śiś)
    - Bihari: सिस (sis)
      - Maithili: सीसा (sīsā)
    - Odia: ସୀସା (sisā)
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: އިސް (is), އިހު (ihu)
    - Sinhalese: ඉහ (iha)
  - Maharastri Prakrit:
    - Konkani: śisaru
      Devanagari script: शिसरु (śisru)
      
      Latin script: xisoru
      
      Kannada script: ಶಿಸರು
    - Marathi: शीस (śīs), शींस (śīusa)
- Western:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Takka Apabhramsa:
      - Punjabi: sīs, sīsā
        Gurmukhi script: ਸੀਸ, ਸੀਸਾ
        
        Shahmukhi script: سِیس, سِیسَا
    - Vracada Apabhramsa:
      - Sindhi: sisī
        Arabic script: سِسِي
        
        Devanagari script: सिसी

References

Monier Williams (1899) “शीर्ष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1078.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sirsa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 724