ḥꜣtj

Egyptian

**Egyptian numbers ^(edit)**
	10
	𓏺 1	2 →	10 →
Cardinal: wꜥ Ordinal: tpj, ḥꜣtj Adverbial: zp wꜥ Distributive: wꜥ wꜥ

Etymology

From ḥꜣt (“front”) +‎ -j (nisba ending).

The noun is traditionally regarded as simply a nominalized use of this nisba adjective, thus literally ‘the frontal (organ)’. However, note the different developments in Coptic. Some have instead suggested an Indo-European source for the noun; compare Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Pronunciation

(adjective): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ħuˈʀiːtij/ → /ħuˈʀiːtij/ → /ˈħwiːtə/ → /ħwiːt/

(noun): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈħuʀtVj/ → /ˈħuʀtVj/ → /ˈħuːtə/ → /ˈħeːt/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɑti/
- Conventional anglicization: hati

Adjective

frontal
(Late Egyptian) first
Synonym: (Old and Middle Egyptian) tpj

Inflection

Declension of *ḥꜣtj* (*nisba* adjective)
	masculine	feminine
singular	ḥꜣtj	ḥꜣtt
dual	ḥꜣtjwj, ḥꜣtwj	ḥꜣttj
plural	ḥꜣtjw, ḥꜣtw	ḥꜣtwt¹, ḥꜣtt²

¹ Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
² From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥꜣtj

ḥꜣwtj

[Late Egyptian]

Derived terms

Descendants

Demotic: ḥꜣṱ
- Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ (houeit), ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)
- Old Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)
- Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ (houeit)

Noun

m

heart
mind, where thought and emotions are experienced
(by extension) a jewel

Usage notes

More so than jb, this word is used to refer to the heart as a physical organ; however, the two are often interchangeable.

Inflection

Declension of *ḥꜣtj* (masculine)
singular	ḥꜣtj
dual	ḥꜣtjwj
plural	ḥꜣtjw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥꜣtj

ḥꜣtj

ḥꜣt

Synonyms

(heart, mind): jb

Derived terms

jwtj ḥꜣtj (“foolishly, sadly (with one's heart)”)
rḏj ḥꜣtj m sꜣ (“to worry oneself about... (to put one's heart to the back)”)
ḥꜣtjw (“thoughts”)
ḥꜣtj n bjꜣ (“tireless (heart of bronze)”)

Descendants

Demotic: ḥꜣṱ
- Coptic: ϩⲏⲧ (hēt)

References

Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 68
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 81.

^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
^ Peust, Carsten (1999) Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language‎^[1], Göttingen: Peust und Gutschmidt Verlag GbR, page 262
^ Osing, Jürgen (1976) Die Nominalbildung des Ägyptischen, Mainz/Rhein: von Zabern, →ISBN, pages 316, 438, 458, 459

[1] Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN

[2] Peust, Carsten (1999) Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language‎^[1], Göttingen: Peust und Gutschmidt Verlag GbR, page 262

[3] Osing, Jürgen (1976) Die Nominalbildung des Ägyptischen, Mainz/Rhein: von Zabern, →ISBN, pages 316, 438, 458, 459

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