Egyptian
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Numeral:
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ħVˈmuw/ → /ħVˈmuw/ → /ħəˈmuʔ/ → /ħəˈmøʔ/
Numeral
- forty
Inflection
|
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
| singular
|
ḥmw
|
—
|
Descendants
- Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲙⲉ (hme)
- Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲙⲉ (hme), ϩⲙ (hm)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲙⲉ (hme)
- Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲙⲉ (hme)
Etymology 2
A participial form of ḥm (“to steer”).
Pronunciation
Noun
m
- rudder, steering-oar
- (by extension) helmsman
Inflection
Declension of ḥmw (masculine)
| singular
|
ḥmw
|
| dual
|
ḥmwwj
|
| plural
|
ḥmww
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥmw
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to be(come) skilled
Inflection
Conjugation of ḥmw (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḥmw
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ḥmw
|
ḥmww, ḥmw
|
ḥmwt
|
ḥmw
|
ḥmw
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ḥmw
|
ḥr ḥmw
|
m ḥmw
|
r ḥmw
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
ḥmw.n
|
consecutive
|
ḥmw.jn
|
| terminative
|
ḥmwt
|
| perfective3
|
ḥmw
|
obligative1
|
ḥmw.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
ḥmw
|
| prospective3
|
ḥmw
|
potentialis1
|
ḥmw.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
ḥmw
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ḥmw.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ḥmw
|
ḥmw
|
ḥmw, ḥmww5, ḥmwy5
|
| imperfective
|
ḥmw, ḥmwy, ḥmww5
|
ḥmw, ḥmwj6, ḥmwy6
|
ḥmw, ḥmww5
|
| prospective
|
ḥmw, ḥmwtj7
|
ḥmwtj4, ḥmwt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Derived terms
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 102, 382.
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN