Egyptian
Etymology 1
ḥr (“upon”) + -j (“nisba ending”).
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ħaˈɾij/ → /ħaˈɾij/ → /ħəˈɾej/ → /ħəˈɾej/
Adjective
- upper, being above, lying upon
Inflection
Declension of ḥrj (nisba adjective)
|
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
| singular
|
ḥrj
|
ḥrt
|
| dual
|
ḥrjwj, ḥrwj
|
ḥrtj
|
| plural
|
ḥrjw, ḥrw
|
ḥrwt1, ḥrt2
|
1 Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
2 From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥrj
Derived terms
Noun
m
- supervisor, boss [since the middle Kingdom]
Inflection
Declension of ḥrj (masculine)
| singular
|
ḥrj
|
| dual
|
ḥrjwj
|
| plural
|
ḥrjw
|
See under the adjective above.
Derived terms
Descendants
- Demotic: (ḥry)
- → Ancient Greek: ρι- (ri-), φρι- (phri-)
Etymology 2
Verb
3ae inf.
- (intransitive) to be(come) distant
- (intransitive) to fly off (to the sky)
Inflection
Conjugation of ḥrj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḥr
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ḥrt, ḥrj
|
ḥrw, ḥr
|
ḥrt, ḥrwt, ḥryt
|
ḥr
|
ḥr, ḥry
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ḥr8
|
ḥr ḥrt, ḥr ḥrj
|
m ḥrt, m ḥrj
|
r ḥrt, r ḥrj
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
ḥr.n
|
consecutive
|
ḥr.jn
|
| terminative
|
ḥrt, ḥryt
|
| perfective3
|
ḥr
|
obligative1
|
ḥr.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
ḥr, ḥry
|
| prospective3
|
ḥrw, ḥr, ḥry
|
potentialis1
|
ḥr.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
ḥr, ḥry
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ḥr.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ḥrw1, ḥry, ḥr
|
ḥr
|
ḥry, ḥr
|
| imperfective
|
ḥr, ḥry, ḥrw5
|
ḥr, ḥrj6, ḥry6
|
ḥr, ḥrw5
|
| prospective
|
ḥrw1, ḥry, ḥr, ḥrtj7
|
ḥrwtj1 4, ḥrtj4, ḥrt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
|
Derived terms
Descendants
Etymology 3
Verb
3ae inf.
- (intransitive) to inspire dread or terror; to be(come) awesome or terrible
- (transitive) to dread
- (transitive) to anticipate
Inflection
Conjugation of ḥrj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḥr, geminated stem: ḥrr
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ḥrt, ḥrj
|
ḥrw, ḥr
|
ḥrt, ḥrwt, ḥryt
|
ḥr
|
ḥr, ḥry
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ḥr8, ḥrr8
|
ḥr ḥrt, ḥr ḥrj
|
m ḥrt, m ḥrj
|
r ḥrt, r ḥrj
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ḥr.n
|
ḥrw, ḥr, ḥry
|
consecutive
|
ḥr.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
ḥrt, ḥryt
|
| perfective3
|
ḥr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
ḥr.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
ḥr, ḥry
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
ḥrw, ḥr, ḥry
|
ḥrw, ḥr, ḥry
|
potentialis1
|
ḥr.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
ḥr, ḥry
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ḥr.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ḥrw1, ḥry, ḥr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ḥr
|
ḥry, ḥr
|
| imperfective
|
ḥrr, ḥrry, ḥrrw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ḥrr, ḥrrj6, ḥrry6
|
ḥrr, ḥrrw5
|
| prospective
|
ḥrw1, ḥry, ḥr, ḥrtj7
|
—
|
ḥrwtj1 4, ḥrtj4, ḥrt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
|
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 133.1–136.6, 141.14–142.2, 144–146.5, 146.13, 147.11–147.13
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 174–176
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 91, 148, 262, 270.
- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 56