ḫt

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ht"

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɛt/
- Conventional anglicization: khet

Etymology 1

From an earlier form

(jḫt).

Noun

f m

(feminine) thing, goods, possession, property
(usually masculine) something, anything
(feminine) food, meal

Inflection

Declension of ḫt (feminine)
singular	jḫt
dual	jḫtj
plural	jḫwt

Declension of ḫt (masculine)
singular	jḫt
dual	jḫtwj
plural	jḫtw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫt

ḫt

jḫt

ḫt

jḫt

ꜣḫt

št

ḫt

jšt

[Old Kingdom]

[New Kingdom]

[Greco-Roman Period]

Only in sense “meal”

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /χit/ → /χiʔ/ → /χeʔ/ → /χeʔ/

Noun

m

wood
tree
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 59–60:
  
  ḫtw ḥr gmgm tꜣ ḥr mnmn
  Trees were breaking, the ground was quaking.
(plural only) timbers
stick, staff, pole, rod
mast
a rod, a measure of length equivalent to 100 mḥw, or 52.5 metres. In full ḫt n nwḥ.

Inflection

Declension of ḫt (masculine)
singular	ḫt
dual	ḫtwj
plural	ḫtw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫt

ḫt

Derived terms

ꜥt nt ḫt (“orchard”)
r ḫt (“by the authority of”)
ḫtj (“carve”)
ḫtw (“platform”)
ḫtwt (“furniture”)
ḫt n ꜥnḫ (“corn, grain”, literally “wood of life”)
ḫt n šnj

Descendants

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲉ (xe)
Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)
Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še), ϣⲏ (šē)
Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)
Old Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)
Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še), ϣⲏ (šē), ϣⲓ (ši)

Etymology 3

Preposition

throughout

Noun

m

(only in set phrases; see derived terms below) rear; what is behind or after

Derived terms

jmj ḫt (“being behind or after; attendant, aftercomer”)
m ḫt (“behind, after, as a result of; future”)
ḫtjw tꜣ (“nomads”)
ḫtw (“attendants”)
ḫtḫt (“to turn back”)

Etymology 4

Noun

f

fire
Synonyms: sḏt, nsrt
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 54–56:
  
  šdt.j ḏꜣ sḫpr.n.j ḫt jr.n.j zj n sḏt n nṯrw
  I took a fire-stick, I made a fire, and I made a burnt offering to the gods.^[1]

Inflection

Declension of ḫt (feminine)
singular	ḫt
dual	ḫtj
plural	ḫwt

References

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 38, 48, 83, 89, 105, 457.

^ The verb form of the first clause is questionable. It looks like a ‘narrative’ infinitive, but this would be expected toward the beginning of a section or chapter of narrative, not in the middle, unrubricated. Other possible interpretations include a perfective relative form in a nominal sentence (not likely because an inalienable subject would be expected), a misreading by the scribe of šd.n.j, or an infinitive continuing the previous sentence rather than starting a new one: rdj.n.j r tꜣ n wr ḥr ꜥwj.j šdt.j ḏꜣ sḫpr.n.j ḫt (“… I put (some) on the ground because of the great amount on my arms and (because of) my taking of a fire-stick. I made a fire …”).

[1] The verb form of the first clause is questionable. It looks like a ‘narrative’ infinitive, but this would be expected toward the beginning of a section or chapter of narrative, not in the middle, unrubricated. Other possible interpretations include a perfective relative form in a nominal sentence (not likely because an inalienable subject would be expected), a misreading by the scribe of šd.n.j, or an infinitive continuing the previous sentence rather than starting a new one: rdj.n.j r tꜣ n wr ḥr ꜥwj.j šdt.j ḏꜣ sḫpr.n.j ḫt (“… I put (some) on the ground because of the great amount on my arms and (because of) my taking of a fire-stick. I made a fire …”).

[1]