ἀδήν

See also: ἅδην and ἁδήν

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ᾰ̔δήν (hădḗn)

Etymology

Beekes suggests Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷḗn, because *h₁n̥gʷ-ḗn would produce *endḗn by Rix's Law (PIE *HR̥C > Proto-Hellenic *e/a/oRC), and rejects the connection with Latin inguen (“groin”) and Old Norse økkvenn (“thick, clodded”).^[1]

De Vaan prefers to derive it from Proto-Indo-European *n̥gʷḗn (“the naked one”), from *negʷ- (“naked”), preserving the connection with Latin inguen but excluding the Germanic forms.^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.dɛ̌ːn/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈde̝n/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈðin/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈðin/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈðin/

Noun

ᾰ̓δήν • (ădḗn) f or m (genitive ᾰ̓δένος); third declension

gland
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Joints 11:
  […], τοισίδε χρὴ τεκμαίρεσθαι ἀδένες ὕπεισιν ἢ ἐλάσσους ἢ μείζους πᾶσιν ὑπὸ τῇ μασχάλῃ, […]
  […], toisíde khrḕ tekmaíresthai adénes húpeisin ḕ elássous ḕ meízous pâsin hupò tēî maskhálēi, […]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

Originally feminine, later masculine.

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ, ἡ ᾰ̓δήν; τοῦ, τῆς ᾰ̓δένος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ ᾰ̓δήν ho, hē ădḗn	τὼ ᾰ̓δένε tṑ ădéne	οἱ, αἱ ᾰ̓δένες hoi, hai ădénes
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς ᾰ̓δένος toû, tês ădénos	τοῖν ᾰ̓δένοιν toîn ădénoin	τῶν ᾰ̓δένων tôn ădénōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ ᾰ̓δένῐ tōî, tēî ădénĭ	τοῖν ᾰ̓δένοιν toîn ădénoin	τοῖς, ταῖς ᾰ̓δέσῐ / ᾰ̓δέσῐν toîs, taîs ădésĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν ᾰ̓δένᾰ tòn, tḕn ădénă	τὼ ᾰ̓δένε tṑ ădéne	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓δένᾰς toùs, tā̀s ădénăs
Vocative	ᾰ̓δήν ădḗn	ᾰ̓δένε ădéne	ᾰ̓δένες ădénes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ᾰ̓δενοειδής (ădenoeidḗs, adjective)

Descendants

⇒ English: adeno-, -adenia
Greek: αδένας (adénas)
⇒ Latin: polyadenus

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀδήν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “inguen, -inis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 303-304

“ἀδήν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press