ἀμύσσω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ἀμῠ́ττω (amŭ́ttō) — Attic
Etymology
This word has been compared to Latin mūcrō (“sharp point”), Lithuanian mùšti (“to beat, strike, hit”) and Old English gemyscan (“to afflict, tease”). This seems a rather small basis for reconstructing an Indo-European root. Furnée accepts the comparison with Latin, but as a substrate word. The presence of ἀμύσχεσται (amúskhestai, “laceration of the flesh with claws”) shows a typical Pre-Greek variation, according to Beekes.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.mýs.sɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈmys.so/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈmys.so/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈmys.so/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈmi.so/
Verb
ἀμῠ́σσω • (amŭ́ssō)
Inflection
Present: ἀμῠ́σσω, ἀμῠ́σσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἀμῠ́σσω | ἀμῠ́σσεις | ἀμῠ́σσει | ἀμῠ́σσετον | ἀμῠ́σσετον | ἀμῠ́σσομεν | ἀμῠ́σσετε | ἀμῠ́σσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἀμῠ́σσω | ἀμῠ́σσῃς | ἀμῠ́σσῃ | ἀμῠ́σσητον | ἀμῠ́σσητον | ἀμῠ́σσωμεν | ἀμῠ́σσητε | ἀμῠ́σσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἀμῠ́σσοιμῐ | ἀμῠ́σσοις | ἀμῠ́σσοι | ἀμῠ́σσοιτον | ἀμῠσσοίτην | ἀμῠ́σσοιμεν | ἀμῠ́σσοιτε | ἀμῠ́σσοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἄμῠσσε | ἀμῠσσέτω | ἀμῠ́σσετον | ἀμῠσσέτων | ἀμῠ́σσετε | ἀμῠσσόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἀμῠ́σσομαι | ἀμῠ́σσῃ / ἀμῠ́σσει | ἀμῠ́σσεται | ἀμῠ́σσεσθον | ἀμῠ́σσεσθον | ἀμῠσσόμεθᾰ | ἀμῠ́σσεσθε | ἀμῠ́σσονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἀμῠ́σσωμαι | ἀμῠ́σσῃ | ἀμῠ́σσηται | ἀμῠ́σσησθον | ἀμῠ́σσησθον | ἀμῠσσώμεθᾰ | ἀμῠ́σσησθε | ἀμῠ́σσωνται | |||||
| optative | ἀμῠσσοίμην | ἀμῠ́σσοιο | ἀμῠ́σσοιτο | ἀμῠ́σσοισθον | ἀμῠσσοίσθην | ἀμῠσσοίμεθᾰ | ἀμῠ́σσοισθε | ἀμῠ́σσοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ἀμῠ́σσου | ἀμῠσσέσθω | ἀμῠ́σσεσθον | ἀμῠσσέσθων | ἀμῠ́σσεσθε | ἀμῠσσέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἀμῠ́σσειν | ἀμῠ́σσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ἀμῠ́σσων | ἀμῠσσόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ἀμῠ́σσουσᾰ | ἀμῠσσομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ἀμῠ́σσον | ἀμῠσσόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: μῠ́ξω, μῠ́ξομαι, μῠχθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | μῠ́ξω | μῠ́ξεις | μῠ́ξει | μῠ́ξετον | μῠ́ξετον | μῠ́ξομεν | μῠ́ξετε | μῠ́ξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | μῠ́ξοιμῐ | μῠ́ξοις | μῠ́ξοι | μῠ́ξοιτον | μῠξοίτην | μῠ́ξοιμεν | μῠ́ξοιτε | μῠ́ξοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | μῠ́ξομαι | μῠ́ξῃ / μῠ́ξει | μῠ́ξεται | μῠ́ξεσθον | μῠ́ξεσθον | μῠξόμεθᾰ | μῠ́ξεσθε | μῠ́ξονται | ||||
| optative | μῠξοίμην | μῠ́ξοιο | μῠ́ξοιτο | μῠ́ξοισθον | μῠξοίσθην | μῠξοίμεθᾰ | μῠ́ξοισθε | μῠ́ξοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | μῠχθήσομαι | μῠχθήσῃ | μῠχθήσεται | μῠχθήσεσθον | μῠχθήσεσθον | μῠχθησόμεθᾰ | μῠχθήσεσθε | μῠχθήσονται | ||||
| optative | μῠχθησοίμην | μῠχθήσοιο | μῠχθήσοιτο | μῠχθήσοισθον | μῠχθησοίσθην | μῠχθησοίμεθᾰ | μῠχθήσοισθε | μῠχθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | μῠ́ξειν | μῠ́ξεσθαι | μῠχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | μῠ́ξων | μῠξόμενος | μῠχθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | μῠ́ξουσᾰ | μῠξομένη | μῠχθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | μῠ́ξον | μῠξόμενον | μῠχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἤμῠξᾰ, ἠμῠξᾰ́μην, ἠμῠ́χθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤμῠξᾰ | ἤμῠξᾰς | ἤμῠξε(ν) | ἠμῠ́ξᾰτον | ἠμῠξᾰ́την | ἠμῠ́ξᾰμεν | ἠμῠ́ξᾰτε | ἤμῠξᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | μῠ́ξω | μῠ́ξῃς | μῠ́ξῃ | μῠ́ξητον | μῠ́ξητον | μῠ́ξωμεν | μῠ́ξητε | μῠ́ξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | μῠ́ξαιμῐ | μῠ́ξειᾰς / μῠ́ξαις | μῠ́ξειε(ν) / μῠ́ξαι | μῠ́ξαιτον | μῠξαίτην | μῠ́ξαιμεν | μῠ́ξαιτε | μῠ́ξειᾰν / μῠ́ξαιεν | |||||
| imperative | μῠ́ξον | μῠξᾰ́τω | μῠ́ξᾰτον | μῠξᾰ́των | μῠ́ξᾰτε | μῠξᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἠμῠξᾰ́μην | ἠμῠ́ξω | ἠμῠ́ξᾰτο | ἠμῠ́ξᾰσθον | ἠμῠξᾰ́σθην | ἠμῠξᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἠμῠ́ξᾰσθε | ἠμῠ́ξᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | μῠ́ξωμαι | μῠ́ξῃ | μῠ́ξηται | μῠ́ξησθον | μῠ́ξησθον | μῠξώμεθᾰ | μῠ́ξησθε | μῠ́ξωνται | |||||
| optative | μῠξαίμην | μῠ́ξαιο | μῠ́ξαιτο | μῠ́ξαισθον | μῠξαίσθην | μῠξαίμεθᾰ | μῠ́ξαισθε | μῠ́ξαιντο | |||||
| imperative | μῠ́ξαι | μῠξᾰ́σθω | μῠ́ξᾰσθον | μῠξᾰ́σθων | μῠ́ξᾰσθε | μῠξᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἠμῠ́χθην | ἠμῠ́χθης | ἠμῠ́χθη | ἠμῠ́χθητον | ἠμῠχθήτην | ἠμῠ́χθημεν | ἠμῠ́χθητε | ἠμῠ́χθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | μῠχθῶ | μῠχθῇς | μῠχθῇ | μῠχθῆτον | μῠχθῆτον | μῠχθῶμεν | μῠχθῆτε | μῠχθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | μῠχθείην | μῠχθείης | μῠχθείη | μῠχθεῖτον / μῠχθείητον | μῠχθείτην / μῠχθειήτην | μῠχθεῖμεν / μῠχθείημεν | μῠχθεῖτε / μῠχθείητε | μῠχθεῖεν / μῠχθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | μῠ́χθητῐ | μῠχθήτω | μῠ́χθητον | μῠχθήτων | μῠ́χθητε | μῠχθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | μῠ́ξαι | μῠ́ξᾰσθαι | μῠχθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | μῠ́ξᾱς | μῠξᾰ́μενος | μῠχθείς | |||||||||
| f | μῠ́ξᾱσᾰ | μῠξᾰμένη | μῠχθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | μῠ́ξᾰν | μῠξᾰ́μενον | μῠχθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἄμῠγμᾰ (ámŭgmă)
- ἀμῠκτῐκός (amŭktĭkós)
- ἀμῠ́ξ (amŭ́x)
- ἄμῠξῐς (ámŭxĭs)
- ἀμῠχή (amŭkhḗ)
- ἀμῠχμός (amŭkhmós)
Further reading
- “ἀμύσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἀμύσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἀμύσσω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἀμύσσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἀμύσσω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἀμύσσω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN