mušti

See also: musti

Lithuanian

Etymology

Of unclear origin.

Within Balto-Slavic, a connection can be drawn with Latvian mustavas (“warping beam”) (compare muštùvas), Slovene mašiti (“fill, clog up”), and perhaps Bulgarian му́ша (múša, “stab, poke”) < *moux-.^[1] These forms point to Proto-Indo-European -s- and a root of *mews- (“poke, beat”); compare Sanskrit मुष्णाति (muṣṇāti, “steal, break”).

Another theory, espoused by Beekes,^[2] suggests that the root is Proto-Indo-European *h₂muḱ-; compare Ancient Greek ἀμύσσω (amússō, “scratch, tear”), Latin mūcrō (“sharp point”), and perhaps Proto-Indo-Iranian *muštíš (“fist”). However, neither the semantic nor formal arguments make a convincing case for the Lithuanian term to belong here.^[3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmʊʃ.tʲɪ/

Verb

mùšti (third-person present tense mùša, third-person past tense mùšė)

(transitive) to beat, strike, hit
Nemušk draũgo, mùšk kamuoliùką. - Don't hit your friend, hit a ball.

Ki̇̀lus áudrai, bañgos mùša į mòlą. ― When a storm comes up, the waves bash against the pier.
(transitive) fight off, fight back (send an opponent into retreat)
Bolševikai mùšė lénkus ir̃ sliñko į Váršuvą. ― The Bolsheviks fought back the Poles as they crept into Warsaw.
(transitive, cooking) pound, tenderize (of meat)
(intransitive) beat, throb, pulsate (of the heart)
Širdi̇̀s mùša 90 kar̃tų per̃ minùtę. ― My heart is beating at 90 beats per minute.
(intransitive) strike, chime (of clocks)
Lai̇̃krodis mùša peñktą vãlandą vãkaro. - The clock strikes 5 p.m.
(intransitive, shooting) shoot
šautùvas tiksliai̇̃ mùša. ― The gun shoots accurately.
(transitive, sports) score a goal
(intransitive) burst out, erupt; rush
Kai̇̃ àš stóviu añt galvõs, kraũjas mùša mán į gálvą. ― Blood rushes to my head when I stand on my head.

Conjugation

Conjugation of *mušti*
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
		singular vienaskaita			plural daugiskaita
		aš	tu	jis/ji	mes	jūs	jie/jos
indicative tiesioginė nuosaka	present esamasis laikas	mušù	muši̇̀	mùša	mùšame, mùšam	mùšate, mùšat	mùša
	past būtasis kartinis laikas	mušiaũ	mušei̇̃	mùšė	mùšėme, mùšėm	mùšėte, mùšėt	mùšė
	past frequentative būtasis dažninis laikas	mùšdavau	mùšdavai	mùšdavo	mùšdavome, mùšdavom	mùšdavote, mùšdavot	mùšdavo
	future būsimasis laikas	mùšiu	mùši	mùš	mùšime, mùšim	mùšite, mùšit	mùš
subjunctive tariamoji nuosaka		mùščiau	mùštum	mùštų	mùštumėme, mùštumėm, mùštume	mùštumėte, mùštumėt	mùštų
imperative liepiamoji nuosaka		—	mùšk, mùški	temùša	mùškime, mùškim	mùškite, mùškit	temùša

Participles of mušti

adjectival (dalyviai)
	active	passive
present	mùšąs, mùšantis	mùšomas
past	mùšęs	mùštas
past frequentative	mùšdavęs	—
future	mùšiąs, mùšiantis	mùšimas
participle of necessity	—	mùštinas

adverbial
special pusdalyvis		mùšdamas
half-participle padalyviai	present	mùšant
	past	mùšus
	past frequentative	mùšdavus
	future	mùšiant
manner of action būdinys		muštè, muštinai

Synonyms

(to hit): daužti (daužyti), dobti, kalti, plakti, smogti, suduoti, talžyti, trenkti (trankyti)
(to pulsate): plakti, pulsuoti, tvinkčioti
(to shoot): šauti

Derived terms

mušdinti
mušeika
mušėjas m, mušėja f
mušimas
mušinėti
mušnoti
muštinis
muštis
muštynės
muštukas m, muštukė f
muštuvas
muštuvis, muštokė
mūša
mūšis

prefixed forms of mušti

apmušti, apsimušti
atmušti, atsimušti
išmušti, išsimušti
įmušti, įsimušti
numušti, nusimušti
pamušti, pasimušti
parmušti
permušti
pramušti, prasimušti
primušti, prisimušti
sumušti, susimušti
užmušti, užsimušti

References

^ Zhanna Varbot (1973) “К реконструкции и этимологии некоторых праславянских глагольных основ и отглагольных имен. I [Towards a reconstruction and etymology of certain Proto-Slavic verbal bases and derivatives]”, in Этимология 1971, Moscow, page 11: “*mъxnǫti, *mušiti”
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “mušti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 326

[1] Zhanna Varbot (1973) “К реконструкции и этимологии некоторых праславянских глагольных основ и отглагольных имен. I [Towards a reconstruction and etymology of certain Proto-Slavic verbal bases and derivatives]”, in Этимология 1971, Moscow, page 11: “*mъxnǫti, *mušiti”

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[3] Derksen, Rick (2015) “mušti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 326

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