ἀνύω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *senh₂- (“to seek, accomplish, work on, succeed”). Cognate with Sanskrit सन् (san, “to gain, acquire, be successful”), as well as perhaps Hittite [script needed] (sanh-, “to intend; to strive for; to seek”). See also αὐθέντης (authéntēs).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.ný.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈny.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈny.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈny.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈni.o/
Verb
ἀνύω • (anúō)
- to cause, effect, accomplish
- to consume
- to pass over
Usage notes
- Besides "normal" thematic imperfective forms, an athematic form is also attested: ἤνυτο (ḗnuto, “it was accomplished”) in Homer, Odyssey 5.243.
Inflection
Present: ἀνῠ́ω, ἀνῠ́ομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἀνῠ́ω | ἀνῠ́εις | ἀνῠ́ει | ἀνῠ́ετον | ἀνῠ́ετον | ἀνῠ́ομεν | ἀνῠ́ετε | ἀνῠ́ουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἀνῠ́ω | ἀνῠ́ῃς | ἀνῠ́ῃ | ἀνῠ́ητον | ἀνῠ́ητον | ἀνῠ́ωμεν | ἀνῠ́ητε | ἀνῠ́ωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἀνῠ́οιμῐ | ἀνῠ́οις | ἀνῠ́οι | ἀνῠ́οιτον | ἀνῠοίτην | ἀνῠ́οιμεν | ἀνῠ́οιτε | ἀνῠ́οιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἄνῠε | ἀνῠέτω | ἀνῠ́ετον | ἀνῠέτων | ἀνῠ́ετε | ἀνῠόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἀνῠ́ομαι | ἀνῠ́ῃ / ἀνῠ́ει | ἀνῠ́εται | ἀνῠ́εσθον | ἀνῠ́εσθον | ἀνῠόμεθᾰ | ἀνῠ́εσθε | ἀνῠ́ονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἀνῠ́ωμαι | ἀνῠ́ῃ | ἀνῠ́ηται | ἀνῠ́ησθον | ἀνῠ́ησθον | ἀνῠώμεθᾰ | ἀνῠ́ησθε | ἀνῠ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | ἀνῠοίμην | ἀνῠ́οιο | ἀνῠ́οιτο | ἀνῠ́οισθον | ἀνῠοίσθην | ἀνῠοίμεθᾰ | ἀνῠ́οισθε | ἀνῠ́οιντο | |||||
| imperative | ἀνῠ́ου | ἀνῠέσθω | ἀνῠ́εσθον | ἀνῠέσθων | ἀνῠ́εσθε | ἀνῠέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἀνῠ́ειν | ἀνῠ́εσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ἀνῠ́ων | ἀνῠόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ἀνῠ́ουσᾰ | ἀνῠομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ἀνῠ́ον | ἀνῠόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἤνῠον, ἠνῠόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤνῠον | ἤνῠες | ἤνῠε(ν) | ἠνῠ́ετον | ἠνῠέτην | ἠνῠ́ομεν | ἠνῠ́ετε | ἤνῠον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠνῠόμην | ἠνῠ́ου | ἠνῠ́ετο | ἠνῠ́εσθον | ἠνῠέσθην | ἠνῠόμεθᾰ | ἠνῠ́εσθε | ἠνῠ́οντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: ἀνῠ́σω, ἀνῠ́σομαι, ἀνῠσθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἀνῠ́σω | ἀνῠ́σεις | ἀνῠ́σει | ἀνῠ́σετον | ἀνῠ́σετον | ἀνῠ́σομεν | ἀνῠ́σετε | ἀνῠ́σουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | ἀνῠ́σοιμῐ | ἀνῠ́σοις | ἀνῠ́σοι | ἀνῠ́σοιτον | ἀνῠσοίτην | ἀνῠ́σοιμεν | ἀνῠ́σοιτε | ἀνῠ́σοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | ἀνῠ́σομαι | ἀνῠ́σῃ / ἀνῠ́σει | ἀνῠ́σεται | ἀνῠ́σεσθον | ἀνῠ́σεσθον | ἀνῠσόμεθᾰ | ἀνῠ́σεσθε | ἀνῠ́σονται | ||||
| optative | ἀνῠσοίμην | ἀνῠ́σοιο | ἀνῠ́σοιτο | ἀνῠ́σοισθον | ἀνῠσοίσθην | ἀνῠσοίμεθᾰ | ἀνῠ́σοισθε | ἀνῠ́σοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ἀνῠσθήσομαι | ἀνῠσθήσῃ | ἀνῠσθήσεται | ἀνῠσθήσεσθον | ἀνῠσθήσεσθον | ἀνῠσθησόμεθᾰ | ἀνῠσθήσεσθε | ἀνῠσθήσονται | ||||
| optative | ἀνῠσθησοίμην | ἀνῠσθήσοιο | ἀνῠσθήσοιτο | ἀνῠσθήσοισθον | ἀνῠσθησοίσθην | ἀνῠσθησοίμεθᾰ | ἀνῠσθήσοισθε | ἀνῠσθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ἀνῠ́σειν | ἀνῠ́σεσθαι | ἀνῠσθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ἀνῠ́σων | ἀνῠσόμενος | ἀνῠσθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | ἀνῠ́σουσᾰ | ἀνῠσομένη | ἀνῠσθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | ἀνῠ́σον | ἀνῠσόμενον | ἀνῠσθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἤνῠσᾰ, ἠνῠσᾰ́μην, ἠνῠ́σθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤνῠσᾰ | ἤνῠσᾰς | ἤνῠσε(ν) | ἠνῠ́σᾰτον | ἠνῠσᾰ́την | ἠνῠ́σᾰμεν | ἠνῠ́σᾰτε | ἤνῠσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ἀνῠ́σω | ἀνῠ́σῃς | ἀνῠ́σῃ | ἀνῠ́σητον | ἀνῠ́σητον | ἀνῠ́σωμεν | ἀνῠ́σητε | ἀνῠ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἀνῠ́σαιμῐ | ἀνῠ́σειᾰς / ἀνῠ́σαις | ἀνῠ́σειε(ν) / ἀνῠ́σαι | ἀνῠ́σαιτον | ἀνῠσαίτην | ἀνῠ́σαιμεν | ἀνῠ́σαιτε | ἀνῠ́σειᾰν / ἀνῠ́σαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἄνῠσον | ἀνῠσᾰ́τω | ἀνῠ́σᾰτον | ἀνῠσᾰ́των | ἀνῠ́σᾰτε | ἀνῠσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἠνῠσᾰ́μην | ἠνῠ́σω | ἠνῠ́σᾰτο | ἠνῠ́σᾰσθον | ἠνῠσᾰ́σθην | ἠνῠσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἠνῠ́σᾰσθε | ἠνῠ́σᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ἀνῠ́σωμαι | ἀνῠ́σῃ | ἀνῠ́σηται | ἀνῠ́σησθον | ἀνῠ́σησθον | ἀνῠσώμεθᾰ | ἀνῠ́σησθε | ἀνῠ́σωνται | |||||
| optative | ἀνῠσαίμην | ἀνῠ́σαιο | ἀνῠ́σαιτο | ἀνῠ́σαισθον | ἀνῠσαίσθην | ἀνῠσαίμεθᾰ | ἀνῠ́σαισθε | ἀνῠ́σαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ἄνῠσαι | ἀνῠσᾰ́σθω | ἀνῠ́σᾰσθον | ἀνῠσᾰ́σθων | ἀνῠ́σᾰσθε | ἀνῠσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἠνῠ́σθην | ἠνῠ́σθης | ἠνῠ́σθη | ἠνῠ́σθητον | ἠνῠσθήτην | ἠνῠ́σθημεν | ἠνῠ́σθητε | ἠνῠ́σθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ἀνῠσθῶ | ἀνῠσθῇς | ἀνῠσθῇ | ἀνῠσθῆτον | ἀνῠσθῆτον | ἀνῠσθῶμεν | ἀνῠσθῆτε | ἀνῠσθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἀνῠσθείην | ἀνῠσθείης | ἀνῠσθείη | ἀνῠσθεῖτον / ἀνῠσθείητον | ἀνῠσθείτην / ἀνῠσθειήτην | ἀνῠσθεῖμεν / ἀνῠσθείημεν | ἀνῠσθεῖτε / ἀνῠσθείητε | ἀνῠσθεῖεν / ἀνῠσθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ἀνῠ́σθητῐ | ἀνῠσθήτω | ἀνῠ́σθητον | ἀνῠσθήτων | ἀνῠ́σθητε | ἀνῠσθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ἀνῠ́σαι | ἀνῠ́σᾰσθαι | ἀνῠσθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ἀνῠ́σᾱς | ἀνῠσᾰ́μενος | ἀνῠσθείς | |||||||||
| f | ἀνῠ́σᾱσᾰ | ἀνῠσᾰμένη | ἀνῠσθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | ἀνῠ́σᾰν | ἀνῠσᾰ́μενον | ἀνῠσθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤνῠσσᾰ | ἤνῠσσᾰς | ἤνῠσσε(ν) | ἠνῠ́σσᾰτον | ἠνῠσσᾰ́την | ἠνῠ́σσᾰμεν | ἠνῠ́σσᾰτε | ἤνῠσσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ἀνῠ́σσω, ἀνῠ́σσωμῐ |
ἀνῠ́σσῃς, ἀνῠ́σσῃσθᾰ |
ἀνῠ́σσῃ, ἀνῠ́σσῃσῐ |
ἀνῠ́σσητον | ἀνῠ́σσητον | ἀνῠ́σσωμεν | ἀνῠ́σσητε | ἀνῠ́σσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἀνῠ́σσαιμῐ | ἀνῠ́σσαις, ἀνῠ́σσαισθᾰ, ἀνῠ́σσειᾰς |
ἀνῠ́σσειε(ν) / ἀνῠ́σσαι | ἀνῠσσεῖτον | ἀνῠσσείτην | ἀνῠσσεῖμεν | ἀνῠσσεῖτε | ἀνῠσσεῖεν | |||||
| imperative | ἄνῠσσον | ἀνῠσσᾰ́τω | ἀνῠ́σσᾰτον | ἀνῠσσᾰ́των | ἀνῠ́σσᾰτε | ἀνῠσσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἠνῠσσᾰ́μην | ἠνῠ́σσᾰο | ἠνῠ́σσᾰτο | ἠνῠ́σσᾰσθον | ἠνῠσσᾰ́σθην | ἠνῠσσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | ἠνῠ́σσᾰσθε | ἠνῠ́σσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ἀνῠ́σσωμαι | ἀνῠ́σσηαι | ἀνῠ́σσηται | ἀνῠ́σσησθον | ἀνῠ́σσησθον | ἀνῠσσώμε(σ)θᾰ | ἀνῠ́σσησθε | ἀνῠ́σσωνται | |||||
| optative | ἀνῠσσαίμην | ἀνῠ́σσαιο | ἀνῠ́σσαιτο | ἀνῠ́σσαισθον | ἀνῠσσαίσθην | ἀνῠσσαίμε(σ)θᾰ | ἀνῠ́σσαισθε | ἀνῠσσαίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ἄνῠσσαι | ἀνῠσσᾰ́σθω | ἀνῠ́σσᾰσθον | ἀνῠσσᾰ́σθων | ἀνῠ́σσᾰσθε | ἀνῠσσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἀνῠ́σσαι / ἀνῠσσᾰ́μεν / ἀνῠσσᾰμέναι | ἀνῠ́σσᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ἀνῠ́σσᾱς | ἀνῠσσᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
| f | ἀνῠ́σσᾱσᾰ | ἀνῠσσᾰμένη | |||||||||||
| n | ἀνῠ́σσᾰν | ἀνῠσσᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἄνῠσσᾰ | ἄνῠσσᾰς | ἄνῠσσε(ν) | ἀνῠ́σσᾰτον | ἀνῠσσᾰ́την | ἀνῠ́σσᾰμεν | ἀνῠ́σσᾰτε | ἄνῠσσᾰν | ||||
| middle | indicative | ἀνῠσσᾰ́μην | ἀνῠ́σσᾰο | ἀνῠ́σσᾰτο | ἀνῠ́σσᾰσθον | ἀνῠσσᾰ́σθην | ἀνῠσσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | ἀνῠ́σσᾰσθε | ἀνῠ́σσᾰντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: ἤνῠκᾰ, ἤνῠσμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤνῠκᾰ | ἤνῠκᾰς | ἤνῠκε(ν) | ἠνῠ́κᾰτον | ἠνῠ́κᾰτον | ἠνῠ́κᾰμεν | ἠνῠ́κᾰτε | ἠνῠ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἠνῠ́κω | ἠνῠ́κῃς | ἠνῠ́κῃ | ἠνῠ́κητον | ἠνῠ́κητον | ἠνῠ́κωμεν | ἠνῠ́κητε | ἠνῠ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἠνῠ́κοιμῐ / ἠνῠκοίην | ἠνῠ́κοις / ἠνῠκοίης | ἠνῠ́κοι / ἠνῠκοίη | ἠνῠ́κοιτον | ἠνῠκοίτην | ἠνῠ́κοιμεν | ἠνῠ́κοιτε | ἠνῠ́κοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἤνῠκε | ἠνῠκέτω | ἠνῠ́κετον | ἠνῠκέτων | ἠνῠ́κετε | ἠνῠκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἤνῠσμαι | ἤνῠσαι | ἤνῠσται | ἤνῠσθον | ἤνῠσθον | ἠνῠ́σμεθᾰ | ἤνῠσθε | ἠνῠ́τᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἠνῠσμένος ὦ | ἠνῠσμένος ᾖς | ἠνῠσμένος ᾖ | ἠνῠσμένω ἦτον | ἠνῠσμένω ἦτον | ἠνῠσμένοι ὦμεν | ἠνῠσμένοι ἦτε | ἠνῠσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἠνῠσμένος εἴην | ἠνῠσμένος εἴης | ἠνῠσμένος εἴη | ἠνῠσμένω εἴητον / εἶτον | ἠνῠσμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | ἠνῠσμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | ἠνῠσμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | ἠνῠσμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ἤνῠσο | ἠνῠ́σθω | ἤνῠσθον | ἠνῠ́σθων | ἤνῠσθε | ἠνῠ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἠνῠκέναι | ἠνῠ́σθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ἠνῠκώς | ἠνῠσμένος | ||||||||||
| f | ἠνῠκυῖᾰ | ἠνῠσμένη | |||||||||||
| n | ἠνῠκός | ἠνῠσμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- διανύω (dianúō)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄνυμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 110
Further reading
- ἀνύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἀνύω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
- “ἀνύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 369
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 532
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “0906”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0906
- ἀνύω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011