ἄκρος

See also: άκρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós (“sharp”). Cognates include Old Church Slavonic остръ (ostrŭ), Latin ācer, Old Armenian ասեղն (asełn, “needle”) and Old English eċġ (English edge).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.kros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.kros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.kros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.kros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.kros/

Adjective

ᾰ̓́κρος • (ắkros) m (feminine ᾰ̓́κρᾱ, neuter ᾰ̓́κρον); first/second declension

at the edge, extreme, beginning, end: outermost (especially of the top)
pointed, sharp
being the most of any characteristic: best, oldest, first

Inflection

First and second declension of ᾰ̓́κρος; ᾰ̓́κρᾱ; ᾰ̓́κρον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ᾰ̓́κρος ắkros	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ắkrā	ᾰ̓́κρον ắkron	ᾰ̓́κρω ắkrō	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ắkrā	ᾰ̓́κρω ắkrō	ᾰ̓́κροι ắkroi	ᾰ̓́κραι ắkrai	ᾰ̓́κρᾰ ắkră
Genitive	ᾰ̓́κρου ắkrou	ᾰ̓́κρᾱς ắkrās	ᾰ̓́κρου ắkrou	ᾰ̓́κροιν ắkroin	ᾰ̓́κραιν ắkrain	ᾰ̓́κροιν ắkroin	ᾰ̓́κρων ắkrōn	ᾰ̓́κρων ắkrōn	ᾰ̓́κρων ắkrōn
Dative	ᾰ̓́κρῳ ắkrōi	ᾰ̓́κρᾳ ắkrāi	ᾰ̓́κρῳ ắkrōi	ᾰ̓́κροιν ắkroin	ᾰ̓́κραιν ắkrain	ᾰ̓́κροιν ắkroin	ᾰ̓́κροις ắkrois	ᾰ̓́κραις ắkrais	ᾰ̓́κροις ắkrois
Accusative	ᾰ̓́κρον ắkron	ᾰ̓́κρᾱν ắkrān	ᾰ̓́κρον ắkron	ᾰ̓́κρω ắkrō	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ắkrā	ᾰ̓́κρω ắkrō	ᾰ̓́κρους ắkrous	ᾰ̓́κρᾱς ắkrās	ᾰ̓́κρᾰ ắkră
Vocative	ᾰ̓́κρε ắkre	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ắkrā	ᾰ̓́κρον ắkron	ᾰ̓́κρω ắkrō	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ắkrā	ᾰ̓́κρω ắkrō	ᾰ̓́κροι ắkroi	ᾰ̓́κραι ắkrai	ᾰ̓́κρᾰ ắkră
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ᾰ̓́κρως ắkrōs			ᾰ̓κρότερος ăkróteros			ᾰ̓κρότᾰτος ăkrótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of ᾰ̓́κρος; ᾰ̓́κρη; ᾰ̓́κρον (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ᾰ̓́κρος ắkros	ᾰ̓́κρη ắkrē	ᾰ̓́κρον ắkron	ᾰ̓́κρω ắkrō	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ắkrā	ᾰ̓́κρω ắkrō	ᾰ̓́κροι ắkroi	ᾰ̓́κραι ắkrai	ᾰ̓́κρᾰ ắkră
Genitive	ᾰ̓́κρου / ᾰ̓κροῖο / ᾰ̓́κροιο / ᾰ̓κρόο / ᾰ̓́κροο ắkrou / ăkroîo / ắkroio / ăkróo / ắkroo	ᾰ̓́κρης ắkrēs	ᾰ̓́κρου / ᾰ̓κροῖο / ᾰ̓́κροιο / ᾰ̓κρόο / ᾰ̓́κροο ắkrou / ăkroîo / ắkroio / ăkróo / ắkroo	ᾰ̓́κροιν / ᾰ̓́κροιῐν ắkroi(ĭ)n	ᾰ̓́κραιν / ᾰ̓́κραιῐν / ᾰ̓́κρῃῐν ắkrai(ĭ)n / ắkrēiĭn	ᾰ̓́κροιν / ᾰ̓́κροιῐν ắkroi(ĭ)n	ᾰ̓́κρων ắkrōn	ᾰ̓κρᾱ́ων / ᾰ̓κρέ͜ων / ᾰ̓κρῶν ăkrā́ōn / ăkré͜ōn / ăkrôn	ᾰ̓́κρων ắkrōn
Dative	ᾰ̓́κρῳ ắkrōi	ᾰ̓́κρῃ ắkrēi	ᾰ̓́κρῳ ắkrōi	ᾰ̓́κροιν / ᾰ̓́κροιῐν ắkroi(ĭ)n	ᾰ̓́κραιν / ᾰ̓́κραιῐν / ᾰ̓́κρῃῐν ắkrai(ĭ)n / ắkrēiĭn	ᾰ̓́κροιν / ᾰ̓́κροιῐν ắkroi(ĭ)n	ᾰ̓́κροισῐ / ᾰ̓́κροισῐν / ᾰ̓́κροις ắkroisĭ(n) / ắkrois	ᾰ̓́κρῃσῐ / ᾰ̓́κρῃσῐν / ᾰ̓́κρῃς / ᾰ̓́κραις ắkrēisĭ(n) / ắkrēis / ắkrais	ᾰ̓́κροισῐ / ᾰ̓́κροισῐν / ᾰ̓́κροις ắkroisĭ(n) / ắkrois
Accusative	ᾰ̓́κρον ắkron	ᾰ̓́κρην ắkrēn	ᾰ̓́κρον ắkron	ᾰ̓́κρω ắkrō	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ắkrā	ᾰ̓́κρω ắkrō	ᾰ̓́κρους ắkrous	ᾰ̓́κρᾱς ắkrās	ᾰ̓́κρᾰ ắkră
Vocative	ᾰ̓́κρε ắkre	ᾰ̓́κρη ắkrē	ᾰ̓́κρον ắkron	ᾰ̓́κρω ắkrō	ᾰ̓́κρᾱ ắkrā	ᾰ̓́κρω ắkrō	ᾰ̓́κροι ắkroi	ᾰ̓́κραι ắkrai	ᾰ̓́κρᾰ ắkră
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ᾰ̓́κρως ắkrōs			ᾰ̓κρότερος ăkróteros			ᾰ̓κρότᾰτος ăkrótătos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

Ἄκραι (Ákrai)
ἀκροκώλῐον (akrokṓlĭon)
ἀκροποσθῐ́ᾱ (akroposthĭ́ā)
ἀκροστιχίς (akrostikhís)
Τρινακρία (Trinakría)

Related terms

ἀκή (akḗ)

Descendants

Greek: άκρος (ákros, “extreme”)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄκρος, -α, -ον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 57

“ἄκρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἄκρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἄκρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἄκρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἄκρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἄκρος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
“ἄκρος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
ἄκρος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- brim idem, page 98.
- champion idem, page 123.
- consummate idem, page 166.
- edge idem, page 261.
- extreme idem, page 298.
- extremity idem, page 298.
- finished idem, page 321.
- good idem, page 366.
- inmost idem, page 442.
- lip idem, page 494.
- master idem, page 517.
- masterly idem, page 517.
- matchless idem, page 517.
- pastmaster (in) idem, page 598.
- rim idem, page 715.
- skilful idem, page 780.
- supreme idem, page 842.
- tip idem, page 877.
- top idem, page 881.
- topmost idem, page 881.
- uppermost idem, page 938.
- verge idem, page 948.

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄκρος, -α, -ον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 57

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