ἄμπελος

See also: άμπελος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἀμπέλος (ampélos) — Doric

Etymology

Difficult to explain as an inherited Indo-European word and usually considered to be a Pre-Greek/substrate word.^[1] Compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl (“apple”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ám.pe.los/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈam.pe.los/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈam.pe.los/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈam.pe.los/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈam.be.los/

Noun

ᾰ̓́μπελος • (ắmpelos) f (genitive ᾰ̓μπέλου); second declension

vine
- 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 4.181
- 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 3.17.4
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.110
- 620 BCE – 500 BCE, Alcaeus of Mytilene, Collected Works 44
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.195
- 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 4.4.11
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.90
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 7.2
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 9.52
a vineyard
- 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 11.32
an engine for protecting besiegers, mantlet
- 100 CE – 200 CE, Apollodorus of Damascus, Siege Engines 141.7

Inflection

Second declension of ἡ ᾰ̓́μπελος; τῆς ᾰ̓μπέλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ᾰ̓́μπελος hē ắmpelos	τὼ ᾰ̓μπέλω tṑ ămpélō	αἱ ᾰ̓́μπελοι hai ắmpeloi
Genitive	τῆς ᾰ̓μπέλου tês ămpélou	τοῖν ᾰ̓μπέλοιν toîn ămpéloin	τῶν ᾰ̓μπέλων tôn ămpélōn
Dative	τῇ ᾰ̓μπέλῳ tēî ămpélōi	τοῖν ᾰ̓μπέλοιν toîn ămpéloin	ταῖς ᾰ̓μπέλοις taîs ămpélois
Accusative	τὴν ᾰ̓́μπελον tḕn ắmpelon	τὼ ᾰ̓μπέλω tṑ ămpélō	τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓μπέλους tā̀s ămpélous
Vocative	ᾰ̓́μπελε ắmpele	ᾰ̓μπέλω ămpélō	ᾰ̓́μπελοι ắmpeloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ᾱ̓ ἄμπελος; τᾶς ἀμπέλω (Lesbian)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾱ̓ ἄμπελος ā ámpelos	τὼ ἀμπέλω tṑ ampélō	αἰ ἄμπελοι ai ámpeloi
Genitive	τᾶς ἀμπέλω tâs ampélō	τοῖν ἀμπέλοιν toîn ampéloin	τᾶν ἀμπέλων tân ampélōn
Dative	τᾶ ἀμπέλω tâ ampélō	τοῖν ἀμπέλοιν toîn ampéloin	ταῖς ἀμπέλοισῐ / ἀμπέλοισῐν taîs ampéloisĭ(n)
Accusative	τᾱ̀ν ἄμπελον tā̀n ámpelon	τὼ ἀμπέλω tṑ ampélō	ταῖς ἀμπέλοις taîs ampélois
Vocative	ἄμπελε ámpele	ἀμπέλω ampélō	ἄμπελοι ámpeloi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

ἀμπέλινος (ampélinos)
ἀμπέλιον (ampélion)
ἀμπελόδεσμος (ampelódesmos)
ἀμπελόκαρπον (ampelókarpon)
ἀμπελόπρασον (ampelóprason)
ἄμπελος ἀγρία (ámpelos agría)
ἄμπελος λευκή (ámpelos leukḗ) (Bryonia cretica, bryony)
ἄμπελος μέλαινα (ámpelos mélaina) (Tamus communis ⇒ Dioscorea communis, black bryony)
ἄμπελος ποντία (ámpelos pontía) (Fucus volubilis?, now Osmundaria volubilis) wrack, or some species of Fucus)'
ἀμπελών (ampelṓn)

Descendants

Greek: άμπελος (ámpelos)
→ Latin: ampelos

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄμπελος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 91

“ἄμπελος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἄμπελος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἄμπελος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἄμπελος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἄμπελος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἄμπελος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
“ἄμπελος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G288 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
ἄμπελος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- vine idem, page 953.

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄμπελος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 91

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