ἄρτος

See also: άρτος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Of unknown origin, though likely borrowed from a substrate. Compare Basque arto (“maize”), Old Spanish artal (“a type of empanada”). Pisani's derivation as a borrowing from Proto-Iranian *arta- (“flour”), and thus connection to Persian آرد (ârd, “flour”), is less likely, as the Greek word was already attested in Mycenean and is unable to be formally derived from the same Indo-European root that the Iranian stems from.[1]

Pronunciation

 

Noun

ᾰ̓́ρτος • (ắrtos) m (genitive ᾰ̓́ρτου); second declension

  1. a cake or loaf of wheat bread
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.343–344:
      ἄρτον τ᾽ οὖλον ἑλὼν περικαλλέος ἐκ κανέοιο
      καὶ κρέας, ὥς οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον ἀμφιβαλόντι·
      árton t’ oûlon helṑn perikalléos ek kanéoio
      kaì kréas, hṓs hoi kheîres ekhándanon amphibalónti;
      having taken a whole loaf of bread out of a very beautiful basket,
      and meat, as much as his hands could hold in their grasp:
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.119–120:
      Ἀμφίνομος δὲ
      ἄρτους ἐκ κανέοιο δύω παρέθηκεν ἀείρας
      Amphínomos dè
      ártous ek kanéoio dúō paréthēken aeíras
      And Amphinomus
      placed two loaves of bread before [him], having taken [them] out of a basket.
  2. (collectively) bread

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ᾰ̓́ρτος; τοῦ ᾰ̓́ρτου (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ ᾰ̓́ρτος
ho ắrtos 		τὼ ᾰ̓́ρτω
tṑ ắrtō 		οἱ ᾰ̓́ρτοι
hoi ắrtoi
Genitive τοῦ ᾰ̓́ρτου
toû ắrtou 		τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρτοιν
toîn ắrtoin 		τῶν ᾰ̓́ρτων
tôn ắrtōn
Dative τῷ ᾰ̓́ρτῳ
tōî ắrtōi 		τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρτοιν
toîn ắrtoin 		τοῖς ᾰ̓́ρτοις
toîs ắrtois
Accusative τὸν ᾰ̓́ρτον
tòn ắrton 		τὼ ᾰ̓́ρτω
tṑ ắrtō 		τοὺς ᾰ̓́ρτους
toùs ắrtous
Vocative ᾰ̓́ρτε
ắrte 		ᾰ̓́ρτω
ắrtō 		ᾰ̓́ρτοι
ắrtoi
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

Derived terms

  • ἀρτοδότης (artodótēs, “giver of bread”)
  • ἀρτοζήτης (artozḗtēs, “one who begs for bread”)
  • ἀρτοθήκη (artothḗkē, “pantry, bread-basket”)
  • ἀρτοκάπηλος (artokápēlos, “bread-seller”)
  • ἀρτόκλασμα (artóklasma, “morsel of bread”)
  • ἀρτοκοπεῖον (artokopeîon, “bakery, boulangerie”)
  • ἀρτοκοπία (artokopía, “baking”)
  • ἀρτοκοπικός (artokopikós, “belonging to a baker”)
  • ἀρτοκόπισσα (artokópissa, “female baker”)
  • ἀρτοκόπος (artokópos, “baker”)
  • ἀρτόκρεας (artókreas, “bread and meat”)
  • ἀρτολάγανον (artoláganon, “a type of savoury cake”)
  • ἀρτολάγυνος (artolágunos, “with bread and wine”)
  • ἀρτόμελι (artómeli, “poultice of bread and honey”)
  • ἀρτοπίναξ (artopínax, “bread platter”)
  • ἀρτοποιέω (artopoiéō, “to bake, make into bread”)
  • ἀρτοποιΐα (artopoiḯa, “a baking”)
  • ἀρτοποιϊκός (artopoiïkós, “of or for baking”)
  • ἀρτοποιός (artopoiós, “bread-maker”)
  • ἀρτόπονος (artóponos, “one who bakes loaves”) (epithet)
  • ἀρτοποπέω (artopopéō, “to be a baker”)
  • ἀρτοπόπος (artopópos, “baker”)
  • ἀρτοπράτης (artoprátēs, “dealer in bread”)
  • ἀρτοπτεῖον (artopteîon, “place or vessel for baking”)
  • ἀρτόπτης (artóptēs, “pan for baking bread”)
  • ἀρτοπτίκιος (artoptíkios, “baked in a pan”)
  • ἀρτοπωλέω (artopōléō, “to deal in bread”)
  • ἀρτοπώλης (artopṓlēs, “baker, bread-seller”)
  • ἀρτοπωλία (artopōlía, “dealing in bread”)
  • ἀρτοπωλικόν (artopōlikón, “a tax on bakeries”)
  • ἀρτοπώλιον (artopṓlion, “baker's shop, bakery”)
  • ἀρτόπωλις (artópōlis, “bread-woman, female baker”)
  • ἀρτοσιτέω (artositéō, “to eat wheaten bread”)
  • ἀρτοσιτία (artositía, “feeding on bread”)
  • ἀρτοστάσιον (artostásion, “fee for weighing bread”)
  • ἀρτοστροφέω (artostrophéō, “to turn bread (as in baking)”)
  • ἀρτότυρος (artóturos, “bread and cheese”)
  • ἀρτουργός (artourgós, “baker”)
  • ἀρτοφαγέω (artophagéō, “to eat bread”)
  • ἀρτοφάγος (artophágos, “bread-eater; a rodent”)
  • ἀρτοφοῖνιξ (artophoînix, “cake of bread and dates”)
  • ἀρτοφόριον (artophórion, “bread-basket; festival”)
  • ἀρτοφόρος (artophóros, “holding bread”)
  • ἀρτόχαρις (artókharis, “a type of cake”)

Descendants

  • Greek: άρτος (ártos)
  • ⇒ Translingual: Encephalartos

See also

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄρτος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 143

Further reading

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.