ἄφθα

See also: άφθα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

A term first attested in Hippocrates, with doubt connected to ἅπτω (háptō, “to burn or to fasten, join”). Possibly a technical loan with physicians from Aramaic with emphatic state ending, later attested only in one particular meaning in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אַפְצָא (ʾap̄ṣā), Classical Syriac ܐܱܦܨܳܐ (ʾap̄ṣā, “oakgalls”), verb אֲפַץ (ʾap̄aṣ, “to dress with gallnut juice”), but more generally Mishnaic Hebrew אָפַץ (ʾāp̄aṣ), אָפַס (ʾāp̄as, “to press, to squeeze”). ἀψίς (apsís), ἁψίς (hapsís, “net, mesh; bow”) is also only doubtingly derived from ἅπτω (háptō, “to fasten, join”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ápʰ.tʰa/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈapʰ.tʰa/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈaɸ.θa/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈaf.θa/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈaf.θa/

Noun

ἄφθᾰ • (áphthă) f (genitive ἄφθης); first declension

(pathology, chiefly in the plural) aphtha, mouth ulcer, thrush

Inflection

First declension of ἡ ᾰ̓́φθᾰ; τῆς ᾰ̓́φθης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ᾰ̓́φθᾰ hē ắphthă	τὼ ᾰ̓́φθᾱ tṑ ắphthā	αἱ ᾰ̓́φθαι hai ắphthai
Genitive	τῆς ᾰ̓́φθης tês ắphthēs	τοῖν ᾰ̓́φθαιν toîn ắphthain	τῶν ᾰ̓φθῶν tôn ăphthôn
Dative	τῇ ᾰ̓́φθῃ tēî ắphthēi	τοῖν ᾰ̓́φθαιν toîn ắphthain	ταῖς ᾰ̓́φθαις taîs ắphthais
Accusative	τὴν ᾰ̓́φθᾰν tḕn ắphthăn	τὼ ᾰ̓́φθᾱ tṑ ắphthā	τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́φθᾱς tā̀s ắphthās
Vocative	ᾰ̓́φθᾰ ắphthă	ᾰ̓́φθᾱ ắphthā	ᾰ̓́φθαι ắphthai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀφθᾰ́ω (aphthắō)
ἀφθώδης (aphthṓdēs)

Descendants

→ English: aphtha
→ French: aphte
→ German: Aphthe
→ Greek: άφθα (áftha)
→ Italian: afta
→ Portuguese: afta
→ Romanian: aftă