ἐγγύς

See also: εγγύς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Seems to be from ἐν (en, “in, at”) + Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“hand; to curve”) (whence γυῖον (guîon, “hand”), ἐγγῠ́η (engŭ́ē, “pledge, security”)), thus meaning "at hand (i.e. nearby)".^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /eŋ.ɡýs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /eŋˈɡys/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eɲˈɟys/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eɲˈɟys/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eɲˈɟis/

Adverb

ἐγγῠ́ς • (engŭ́s)

near
1. (of place)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.86
  - 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1217
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.340
  - 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 37
  - 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 686
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 65
  - 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 59
  - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Refusal of a Pension 20
2. (of time)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.453
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.3.2
3. (of numbers)
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.5
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 3.1.28
  - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 198B
  - 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 30
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 96
4. (of qualities)
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 520A
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.13
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.22
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.86
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 288
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 452E
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 116B
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 508C
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 65A
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Philip 123
5. (of relationships) akin
  - 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 30A
  - 4th century BC, Isaeus, Pyrrhus 72
  - 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 388
  - 390 BCE, Plato, Hippias Major 304D
  - 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1666

Inflection

Comparative: ἐγγῠτέρω (engŭtérō), ἐγγῠ́τερον (engŭ́teron), ἔγγῑον (éngīon)
Superlative: ἐγγῠτᾰ́τω (engŭtắtō), ἐγγῠ́τᾰτᾰ (engŭ́tătă), ἔγγῐστᾰ (éngĭstă)

Derived terms

ἐγγῐ́ζω (engĭ́zō)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐγγύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 369-70

“ἐγγύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἐγγύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἐγγύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἐγγύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἐγγύς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἐγγύς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
“ἐγγύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G1451 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- by idem, page 107.
- close by idem, page 138.
- closely idem, page 139.
- contiguously idem, page 168.
- hand idem, page 382.
- near idem, page 553.
- next idem, page 557.

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐγγύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 369-70

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