ἑτοῖμος

See also: έτοιμος and ἕτοιμος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἕτοιμος (hétoimos) — Attic

Etymology

No etymology. Has been compared to ἔτυμος (étumos, “true”), ἐτός (etós, “true”), but this is not very convincing. Kuiper derives the word from a locative *ἑτοῖ (*hetoî) (+ a suffix -μος (-mos)) to an unattested *ἑτος (*hetos), an alternative form of ἐτός (etós, “in vain, useless”), thus "being in the useless". This is semantically strange and formally ad hoc.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /he.tôi̯.mos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)eˈty.mos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eˈty.mos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eˈty.mos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eˈti.mos/

Adjective

ἑτοῖμος • (hetoîmos) m or f (neuter ἑτοῖμον); second declension

at hand, ready, prepared
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.425
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Joints 66
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1079
- 1 CE – 200 CE, Aelius Herodianus, On Peculiar Style 2.938
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.453
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 6.12
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.119
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.123
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 13.63
- 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 357
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.31
- 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 72C
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.11
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.3
- 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, To Philip 96
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 14.3
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.57
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.6.16
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Prognostics 24
- 341 BCE – 270 BCE, Epicurus, Letters 3.62
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 22.61
- 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 2.34.2
- 55 CE – 56 CE, Paul the Apostle, Second Epistle to the Corinthians 10:6
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 448
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.20
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.9
1. (of the future) sure to come, certain
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.96
  - 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Joints 66
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.425
  - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.706C
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 567A
  - 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 86
  - 110 CE – 180 CE, Pausanias Periegeta, Graeciae Descriptio 2.23.6
2. (of the past) carried into effect, realised, feasible
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.53
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.384
(of persons) ready, active, zealous
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 842
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 4.16
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.96
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 4.5.12
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 4.74
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.70
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 791
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 813
- 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 264
- 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, On the Choreutes 23
- 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 341
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.61
- 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 207B
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1079
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.10
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.45
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.86
1. (of the mind) ready, bold
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 458
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.123
  - 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 1106
  - 170 CE – 250 CE, Philostratus, Heroicus 8.1
  - 170 CE – 250 CE, Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana 7.14
(adverbial)
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.80
- 380 BCE – 318 BCE, Demades, Collected Works 4
- 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 161
- New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 21:13
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.5.2
- 390 BCE, Plato, Hippias Major 300C
- 4th century BC, Isaeus, Nicostratus 14
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 290A

Declension

Second declension of ἑτοῖμος; ἑτοῖμον (Attic)

Number	Singular		Dual		Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ἑτοῖμος hetoîmos	ἑτοῖμον hetoîmon	ἑτοίμω hetoímō	ἑτοίμω hetoímō	ἑτοῖμοι hetoîmoi	ἑτοῖμᾰ hetoîmă
Genitive	ἑτοίμου hetoímou	ἑτοίμου hetoímou	ἑτοίμοιν hetoímoin	ἑτοίμοιν hetoímoin	ἑτοίμων hetoímōn	ἑτοίμων hetoímōn
Dative	ἑτοίμῳ hetoímōi	ἑτοίμῳ hetoímōi	ἑτοίμοιν hetoímoin	ἑτοίμοιν hetoímoin	ἑτοίμοις hetoímois	ἑτοίμοις hetoímois
Accusative	ἑτοῖμον hetoîmon	ἑτοῖμον hetoîmon	ἑτοίμω hetoímō	ἑτοίμω hetoímō	ἑτοίμους hetoímous	ἑτοῖμᾰ hetoîmă
Vocative	ἑτοῖμε hetoîme	ἑτοῖμον hetoîmon	ἑτοίμω hetoímō	ἑτοίμω hetoímō	ἑτοῖμοι hetoîmoi	ἑτοῖμᾰ hetoîmă
Derived forms	Adverb		Comparative		Superlative
Derived forms	ἑτοίμως hetoímōs		ἑτοιμότερος hetoimóteros		ἑτοιμότᾰτος hetoimótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. The feminine occasionally takes distinct forms ἑτοίμη (hetoímē), etc.

Derived terms

ἑτοιμᾰ́ζω (hetoimắzō)
ἑτοιμᾰσῐ́ᾱ (hetoimăsĭ́ā)
ἑτοιμόδᾰκρῠς (hetoimódăkrŭs)
ἑτοιμοεγρήγορος (hetoimoegrḗgoros)
ἑτοιμοθᾰ́νᾰτος (hetoimothắnătos)
ἑτοιμοκόλλῐξ (hetoimokóllĭx)
ἑτοιμοκοπῐ́ᾱ (hetoimokopĭ́ā)
ἑτοιμολόγος (hetoimológos)
ἑτοιμομεμφής (hetoimomemphḗs)
ἑτοιμοπειθής (hetoimopeithḗs)
ἑτοιμόπτωτος (hetoimóptōtos)
ἑτοιμοπωλεῖον (hetoimopōleîon)
ἑτοιμοπώλης (hetoimopṓlēs)
ἑτοιμότης (hetoimótēs)
ἑτοιμοτόμος (hetoimotómos)
ἑτοιμόφθᾰρτος (hetoimóphthărtos)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἑτοῖμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 476