ἔρδω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *wérďō, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵ-ye-, a *ye-present from the root *werǵ-, the same root as ῥέζω (rhézō) and ἔργον (érgon).

Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀽𐀁 (wo-ze-e), 𐀺𐀿 (wo-zo), Albanian vërdhoj (work without resting) etc.

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ἔρδω • (érdō) (poetic)

  1. (intransitive) to act (as opposed to speaking or being acted on)
  2. (transitive) to do, perform
    1. to perform sacrifices
  3. (transitive) to do something to someone (with two accusatives)

Inflection

   Present: ἔρδω
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔρδω ἔρδεις ἔρδει ἔρδετον ἔρδετον ἔρδομεν ἔρδετε ἔρδουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἔρδω ἔρδῃς ἔρδῃ ἔρδητον ἔρδητον ἔρδωμεν ἔρδητε ἔρδωσῐ(ν)
optative ἔρδοιμῐ ἔρδοις ἔρδοι ἔρδοιτον ἐρδοίτην ἔρδοιμεν ἔρδοιτε ἔρδοιεν
imperative   ἔρδε ἐρδέτω ἔρδετον ἐρδέτων   ἔρδετε ἐρδόντων
active
infinitive ἔρδειν
participle m ἔρδων
f ἔρδουσᾰ
n ἔρδον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔρδον
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔρδον ἔρδες ἔρδε(ν) ἔρδετον ἐρδέτην ἔρδομεν ἔρδετε ἔρδον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔρδεσκον Ionic
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔρδεσκον ἔρδεσκες ἔρδεσκε(ν) ἐρδέσκετον ἐρδεσκέτην ἐρδέσκομεν ἐρδέσκετε ἔρδεσκον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἔρξω
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔρξω ἔρξεις ἔρξει ἔρξετον ἔρξετον ἔρξομεν ἔρξετε ἔρξουσῐ(ν)
optative ἔρξοιμῐ ἔρξοις ἔρξοι ἔρξοιτον ἐρξοίτην ἔρξοιμεν ἔρξοιτε ἔρξοιεν
active
infinitive ἔρξειν
participle m ἔρξων
f ἔρξουσᾰ
n ἔρξον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἦρξᾰ Attic
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἦρξᾰ ἦρξᾰς ἦρξε(ν) ἤρξᾰτον ἠρξᾰ́την ἤρξᾰμεν ἤρξᾰτε ἦρξᾰν
subjunctive ἔρξω ἔρξῃς ἔρξῃ ἔρξητον ἔρξητον ἔρξωμεν ἔρξητε ἔρξωσῐ(ν)
optative ἔρξαιμῐ ἔρξειᾰς / ἔρξαις ἔρξειε(ν) / ἔρξαι ἔρξαιτον ἐρξαίτην ἔρξαιμεν ἔρξαιτε ἔρξειᾰν / ἔρξαιεν
imperative   ἔρξον ἐρξᾰ́τω ἔρξᾰτον ἐρξᾰ́των   ἔρξᾰτε ἐρξᾰ́ντων
active
infinitive ἔρξαι
participle m ἔρξᾱς
f ἔρξᾱσᾰ
n ἔρξᾰν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔρξᾰ, ἐρξᾰ́μην, ἔρχθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔρξᾰ ἔρξᾰς ἔρξε(ν) ἔρξᾰτον ἐρξᾰ́την ἔρξᾰμεν ἔρξᾰτε ἔρξᾰν
subjunctive ἔρξω ἔρξῃς ἔρξῃ ἔρξητον ἔρξητον ἔρξωμεν ἔρξητε ἔρξωσῐ(ν)
optative ἔρξαιμῐ ἔρξειᾰς / ἔρξαις ἔρξειε(ν) / ἔρξαι ἔρξαιτον ἐρξαίτην ἔρξαιμεν ἔρξαιτε ἔρξειᾰν / ἔρξαιεν
imperative   ἔρξον ἐρξᾰ́τω ἔρξᾰτον ἐρξᾰ́των   ἔρξᾰτε ἐρξᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐρξᾰ́μην ἔρξω ἔρξᾰτο ἔρξᾰσθον ἐρξᾰ́σθην ἐρξᾰ́μεθᾰ ἔρξᾰσθε ἔρξᾰντο
subjunctive ἔρξωμαι ἔρξῃ ἔρξηται ἔρξησθον ἔρξησθον ἐρξώμεθᾰ ἔρξησθε ἔρξωνται
optative ἐρξαίμην ἔρξαιο ἔρξαιτο ἔρξαισθον ἐρξαίσθην ἐρξαίμεθᾰ ἔρξαισθε ἔρξαιντο
imperative   ἔρξαι ἐρξᾰ́σθω ἔρξᾰσθον ἐρξᾰ́σθων   ἔρξᾰσθε ἐρξᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἔρχθην ἔρχθης ἔρχθη ἔρχθητον ἐρχθήτην ἔρχθημεν ἔρχθητε ἔρχθησᾰν
subjunctive ἐρχθῶ ἐρχθῇς ἐρχθῇ ἐρχθῆτον ἐρχθῆτον ἐρχθῶμεν ἐρχθῆτε ἐρχθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρχθείην ἐρχθείης ἐρχθείη ἐρχθεῖτον / ἐρχθείητον ἐρχθείτην / ἐρχθειήτην ἐρχθεῖμεν / ἐρχθείημεν ἐρχθεῖτε / ἐρχθείητε ἐρχθεῖεν / ἐρχθείησᾰν
imperative   ἔρχθητῐ ἐρχθήτω ἔρχθητον ἐρχθήτων   ἔρχθητε ἐρχθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive ἔρξαι ἔρξᾰσθαι ἐρχθῆναι
participle m ἔρξᾱς ἐρξᾰ́μενος ἐρχθείς
f ἔρξᾱσᾰ ἐρξᾰμένη ἐρχθεῖσᾰ
n ἔρξᾰν ἐρξᾰ́μενον ἐρχθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: ἔοργᾰ, ἔργμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔοργᾰ ἔοργᾰς ἔοργε(ν) ἐόργᾰτον ἐόργᾰτον ἐόργᾰμεν ἐόργᾰτε ἐόργᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἐόργω ἐόργῃς ἐόργῃ ἐόργητον ἐόργητον ἐόργωμεν ἐόργητε ἐόργωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐόργοιμῐ / ἐοργοίην ἐόργοις / ἐοργοίης ἐόργοι / ἐοργοίη ἐόργοιτον ἐοργοίτην ἐόργοιμεν ἐόργοιτε ἐόργοιεν
imperative   ἔοργε ἐοργέτω ἐόργετον ἐοργέτων   ἐόργετε ἐοργόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative ἔργμαι ἔρξαι ἔρκται ἔρχθον ἔρχθον ἔργμεθᾰ ἔρχθε ἔργᾰται
subjunctive ἐργμένος ὦ ἐργμένος ᾖς ἐργμένος ᾖ ἐργμένω ἦτον ἐργμένω ἦτον ἐργμένοι ὦμεν ἐργμένοι ἦτε ἐργμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative ἐργμένος εἴην ἐργμένος εἴης ἐργμένος εἴη ἐργμένω εἴητον / εἶτον ἐργμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην ἐργμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν ἐργμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε ἐργμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν
imperative   ἔρξο ἔρχθω ἔρχθον ἔρχθων   ἔρχθε ἔρχθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἐοργέναι ἔρχθαι
participle m ἐοργώς ἐργμένος
f ἐοργυῖᾰ ἐργμένη
n ἐοργός ἐργμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐώργειν / ἐώργη
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐώργειν / ἐώργη ἐώργεις / ἐώργης ἐώργει(ν) ἐώργετον ἐωργέτην ἐώργεμεν ἐώργετε ἐώργεσᾰν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐόργειν / ἐόργη
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐόργειν / ἐόργη ἐόργεις / ἐόργης ἐόργει(ν) ἐόργετον ἐοργέτην ἐόργεμεν ἐόργετε ἐόργεσᾰν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Further reading

  • “ἔρδω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ἔρδω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ἔρδω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ἔρδω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • “ἔρδω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
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