ἠώς

See also: Ἠώς

Ancient Greek

From Proto-Hellenic *auhṓs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion, corresponding to Ancient Greek goddess Ἠώς (Ēṓs). Cognates include Latin Aurora/aurora, Sanskrit उषस् (uṣás, “dawn; Ushas”) and possibly Old English ēastre and Old Armenian այգ (ayg), առաւաւտ (aṙawawt).^[1]

ἠώς • (ēṓs) f (genitive ἠοῦς); third declension (Epic, Ionic)

The morning red, daybreak, dawn
Dawn as a length of time: morning
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.66:
  Ὄφρα μὲν ἠὼς ἦν καὶ ἀέξετο ῑ̔ερὸν ἦμαρ,
  Óphra mèn ēṑs ên kaì aéxeto hīeròn êmar,
  While the dawn lasted and the holy day grew,
1. (accusative, ἠῶ (ēô)) through the morning
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.434:
    παννυχίη μέν ῥ’ ἥ γε καὶ ἠῶ πεῖρε κέλευθον.
    pannukhíē mén rh’ hḗ ge kaì ēô peîre kéleuthon.
    All night and through the morning [the ship] clove her way.
A morning as a unit of time: day
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.493:
  ἀλλ’ ὅτε δή ῥ’ ἐκ τοῖο δυωδεκάτη γένετ’ ἠώς,
  all’ hóte dḗ rh’ ek toîo duōdekátē génet’ ēṓs,
  But when the twelfth dawn since then had come,
The direction of dawn, the East

Epic locative is ἠῶθι (ēôthi).

Irregular declension of ἠώς; ἠοῦς ((Epic, Ionic), Epic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἠώς ēṓs
Genitive	ἠοῦς ēoûs
Dative	ἠοῖ ēoî
Accusative	ἠῶ / ἠοῦν ēô / ēoûn
Vocative	ἠώς ēṓs
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἕως”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 492