ἴγδις

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἴγδη (ígdē)

Etymology

It can hardly belong to ἴκταρ (íktar), ἴξ (íx), nor to αἰχμή (aikhmḗ). According to Beekes, probably of Pre-Greek origin, due to the presence of the cluster "-γδ".^[1] Probably ultimately from Hurrian 𒀉𒆠 (/⁠idki, itki⁠/, “mortar”), from the root 𒀉 (/⁠id-⁠/, “to beat”), whence with metathesis Ugaritic 𒅅𒌈 (IG-TU₄ /⁠ʾiktu?⁠/, “mortar”). On these see Huehnergard, without the Greek.^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /íɡ.dis/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈiɡ.dis/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈiɣ.ðis/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈiɣ.ðis/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈiɣ.ðis/

Noun

ἴγδῐς • (ígdĭs) f (genitive ἴγδεως); third declension

A mortar (vessel used to grind ingredients)
Synonyms: θυεία (thueía), θυείη (thueíē), ἴγδη (ígdē), λίγδος (lígdos), ὅλμος (hólmos)

Inflection

Third declension of ἡ ῐ̓́γδῐς; τῆς ῐ̓́γδεως (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ῐ̓́γδῐς hē ĭ́gdĭs	τὼ ῐ̓́γδει tṑ ĭ́gdei	αἱ ῐ̓́γδεις hai ĭ́gdeis
Genitive	τῆς ῐ̓́γδεως tês ĭ́gdeōs	τοῖν ῐ̓γδέοιν toîn ĭgdéoin	τῶν ῐ̓́γδεων tôn ĭ́gdeōn
Dative	τῇ ῐ̓́γδει tēî ĭ́gdei	τοῖν ῐ̓γδέοιν toîn ĭgdéoin	ταῖς ῐ̓́γδεσῐ / ῐ̓́γδεσῐν taîs ĭ́gdesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν ῐ̓́γδῐν tḕn ĭ́gdĭn	τὼ ῐ̓́γδει tṑ ĭ́gdei	τᾱ̀ς ῐ̓́γδεις tā̀s ĭ́gdeis
Vocative	ῐ̓́γδῐ ĭ́gdĭ	ῐ̓́γδει ĭ́gdei	ῐ̓́γδεις ĭ́gdeis
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἰγδίον (igdíon)
ἴγδισμα (ígdisma)

Descendants

Greek: ιγδίο (igdío, “mortar”)
Greek: γουδί (goudí, “mortar”)
- Greek: γουδοχέρι (goudochéri, “pestle”)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Huehnergard, John (1987) Ugaritic Vocabulary in Syllabic Transcription, Atlanta: Scholars Press, pages 24f, 49, 106, 250, 317