ἶρις

See also: ίρις and Ἶρις

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Originally with an initial digamma, as *ϝῖρις (*wîris); further origin uncertain. The traditional etymology, from Proto-Indo-European *wih₁-r- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”) (compare English wire, Swedish vira (“to twist”), Welsh gŵyr (“bent”)), from *weyh₁- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”), is suspicious on account of the irregular variation between ⟨ε⟩ and ⟨ι⟩ as well as the suffix -ις (-is), -ιδος (-idos). Furthermore, even the derivation of *ϝῖρ- (*wîr-) seems phonetically improbable given the modern reconstruction of the root as *weh₁-y-. Thus, Furnée and Beekes argue for Pre-Greek origin.[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

 

Noun

ἶρις • (îris) f (genitive ῑ̓́ρῐδος); third declension

  1. rainbow
  2. halo
  3. various species of the genus Iris

Declension

Third declension of ἡ ἶρῐς; τῆς ῑ̓́ρῐδος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ ἶρῐς
hē îrĭs 		τὼ ῑ̓́ρῐδε
tṑ ī́rĭde 		αἱ ῑ̓́ρῐδες
hai ī́rĭdes
Genitive τῆς ῑ̓́ρῐδος
tês ī́rĭdos 		τοῖν ῑ̓ρῐ́δοιν
toîn īrĭ́doin 		τῶν ῑ̓ρῐ́δων
tôn īrĭ́dōn
Dative τῇ ῑ̓́ρῐδῐ
tēî ī́rĭdĭ 		τοῖν ῑ̓ρῐ́δοιν
toîn īrĭ́doin 		ταῖς ῑ̓́ρῐσῐ / ῑ̓́ρῐσῐν
taîs ī́rĭsĭ(n)
Accusative τὴν ἶριν / ἴρῐδα
tḕn îrin / írĭda 		τὼ ῑ̓́ρῐδε
tṑ ī́rĭde 		τᾱ̀ς ῑ̓́ρῐδᾰς
tā̀s ī́rĭdăs
Vocative ἶρι
îri 		ῑ̓́ρῐδε
ī́rĭde 		ῑ̓́ρῐδες
ī́rĭdes
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
  • Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Furnée, Edzard Johan (1972) Die wichtigsten konsonantischen Erscheinungen des Vorgriechischen (Janua linguarum. Series practica; 150) (in German), The Hague and Paris: Mouton, page 356
  2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἶρις, -ιδος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 598
  3. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2014) “ἶρις, -ιδος”, in Stefan Norbruis, editor, Pre-Greek: Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 48

Further reading

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