ὠρύομαι

See also: ωρύομαι

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ὀρύομαι (orúomai)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewH- (“to howl, roar”). Cognate with Latin rūmor, Latin rāvis, Latvian rûkt, Lithuanian rū́kti, and Sanskrit रव (rava).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɔː.ry̌ː.o.mai̯/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /oˈry.o.mɛ/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /oˈry.o.mɛ/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /oˈry.o.me/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /oˈri.o.me/

Verb

ὠρῡ́ομαι • (ōrū́omai) (Ionic, poetic, deponent)

(often of animals) to shout, howl, roar
- Pausanias, Descriptions of Greece 10.14:
  λύκον δὲ ἐπιθέσθαι οἱ καθεύδοντι, καὶ ἀποθανεῖν τε ὑπὸ τοῦ λύκου τὸν ἄνθρωπον καὶ ὡς ἐς τὴν πόλιν ὁσημέραι φοιτῶν ὠρύετο ὁ λύκος· ἐπεὶ δὲ οὐκ ἄνευ θεοῦ παραγίνεσθαί σφισιν ὑπελάμβανον, οὕτως ἐπακολουθοῦσι τῷ θηρίῳ, καὶ ἀνευρίσκουσί τε τὸ ἱερὸν χρυσίον καὶ ἀνέθεσαν λύκον τῷ θεῷ χαλκοῦν
  lúkon dè epithésthai hoi katheúdonti, kaì apothaneîn te hupò toû lúkou tòn ánthrōpon kaì hōs es tḕn pólin hosēmérai phoitôn ōrúeto ho lúkos; epeì dè ouk áneu theoû paragínesthaí sphisin hupelámbanon, hoútōs epakolouthoûsi tōî thēríōi, kaì aneurískousí te tò hieròn khrusíon kaì anéthesan lúkon tōî theōî khalkoûn
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Odes 105-109:
  ὁδῶν ὁδοὶ περαίτεραι, μία δʼ οὐχ ἅπαντας ἄμμε θρέψει μελέτα· σοφίαι μὲν αἰπειναί· τοῦτο δὲ προσφέρων ἆθλον, ὄρθιον ὤρυσαι θαρσέων
  hodôn hodoì peraíterai, mía d oukh hápantas ámme thrépsei meléta; sophíai mèn aipeinaí; toûto dè prosphérōn âthlon, órthion ṓrusai tharséōn
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
1. (of humans) to produce loud and emotional cries
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.117.5:
    ἐπεὰν ὦν μηδέν σφι παραδιδῶται τοῦ ὕδατος, ἐλθόντες ἐς τοὺς Πέρσας αὐτοί τε καὶ γυναῖκες, στάντες κατὰ τὰς θύρας τοῦ βασιλέος βοῶσι ὠρυόμενοι, ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς τοῖσι δεομένοισι αὐτῶν μάλιστα ἐντέλλεται ἀνοίγειν τὰς πύλας τὰς ἐς τοῦτο φερούσας.
    epeàn ôn mēdén sphi paradidôtai toû húdatos, elthóntes es toùs Pérsas autoí te kaì gunaîkes, stántes katà tàs thúras toû basiléos boôsi ōruómenoi, ho dè basileùs toîsi deoménoisi autôn málista entélletai anoígein tàs púlas tàs es toûto pheroúsas.
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.75.2:
    ταύτης ὦν οἱ Σκύθαι τῆς καννάβιος τὸ σπέρμα ἐπεὰν λάβωσι, ὑποδύνουσι ὑπὸ τοὺς πίλους, καὶ ἔπειτα ἐπιβάλλουσι τὸ σπέρμα ἐπὶ τοὺς διαφανέας λίθους τῷ πυρί· τὸ δὲ θυμιᾶται ἐπιβαλλόμενον καὶ ἀτμίδα παρέχεται τοσαύτην ὥστε Ἑλληνικὴ οὐδεμία ἄν μιν πυρίη ἀποκρατήσειε. οἱ δὲ Σκύθαι ἀγάμενοι τῇ πυρίῃ ὠρύονται. τοῦτό σφι ἀντὶ λουτροῦ ἐστι. οὐ γὰρ δὴ λούονται ὕδατι τὸ παράπαν τὸ σῶμα.
    taútēs ôn hoi Skúthai tês kannábios tò spérma epeàn lábōsi, hupodúnousi hupò toùs pílous, kaì épeita epibállousi tò spérma epì toùs diaphanéas líthous tōî purí; tò dè thumiâtai epiballómenon kaì atmída parékhetai tosaútēn hṓste Hellēnikḕ oudemía án min puríē apokratḗseie. hoi dè Skúthai agámenoi tēî puríēi ōrúontai. toûtó sphi antì loutroû esti. ou gàr dḕ loúontai húdati tò parápan tò sôma.
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
2. (transitive) to shout over, howl over
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Idylls 1.71-72:
    τῆνον μὰν θῶες, τῆνον λύκοι ὠρύσαντο, τῆνον χὠκ δρυμοῖο λέων ἔκλαυσε θανόντα.
    tênon màn thôes, tênon lúkoi ōrúsanto, tênon khōk drumoîo léōn éklause thanónta.
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

The verb is rarely used in Attic Greek.

Conjugation

Present: ὠρῡ́ομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ὠρῡ́ομαι	ὠρῡ́ῃ / ὠρῡ́ει	ὠρῡ́εται	ὠρῡ́εσθον	ὠρῡ́εσθον	ὠρῡόμεθᾰ	ὠρῡ́εσθε	ὠρῡ́ονται
	subjunctive	ὠρῡ́ωμαι	ὠρῡ́ῃ	ὠρῡ́ηται	ὠρῡ́ησθον	ὠρῡ́ησθον	ὠρῡώμεθᾰ	ὠρῡ́ησθε	ὠρῡ́ωνται
	optative	ὠρῡοίμην	ὠρῡ́οιο	ὠρῡ́οιτο	ὠρῡ́οισθον	ὠρῡοίσθην	ὠρῡοίμεθᾰ	ὠρῡ́οισθε	ὠρῡ́οιντο
	imperative		ὠρῡ́ου	ὠρῡέσθω	ὠρῡ́εσθον	ὠρῡέσθων		ὠρῡ́εσθε	ὠρῡέσθων

infinitive						ὠρῡ́εσθαι
participle	m					ὠρῡόμενος
	f					ὠρῡομένη
	n					ὠρῡόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ὠρυόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ὠρυόμην	ὠρύου	ὠρύετο	ὠρύεσθον	ὠρυέσθην	ὠρυόμεθᾰ	ὠρύεσθε	ὠρύοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ὠρύσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ὠρύσομαι	ὠρύσῃ / ὠρύσει	ὠρύσεται	ὠρύσεσθον	ὠρύσεσθον	ὠρυσόμεθᾰ	ὠρύσεσθε	ὠρύσονται
middle	optative	ὠρυσοίμην	ὠρύσοιο	ὠρύσοιτο	ὠρύσοισθον	ὠρυσοίσθην	ὠρυσοίμεθᾰ	ὠρύσοισθε	ὠρύσοιντο
					middle
infinitive					ὠρύσεσθαι
participle	m				ὠρυσόμενος
	f				ὠρυσομένη
	n				ὠρυσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ὠρυσᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ὠρυσᾰ́μην	ὠρύσω	ὠρύσᾰτο	ὠρύσᾰσθον	ὠρυσᾰ́σθην	ὠρυσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ὠρύσᾰσθε	ὠρύσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ὠρύσωμαι	ὠρύσῃ	ὠρύσηται	ὠρύσησθον	ὠρύσησθον	ὠρυσώμεθᾰ	ὠρύσησθε	ὠρύσωνται
	optative	ὠρυσαίμην	ὠρύσαιο	ὠρύσαιτο	ὠρύσαισθον	ὠρυσαίσθην	ὠρυσαίμεθᾰ	ὠρύσαισθε	ὠρύσαιντο
	imperative		ὤρυσαι	ὠρυσᾰ́σθω	ὠρύσᾰσθον	ὠρυσᾰ́σθων		ὠρύσᾰσθε	ὠρυσᾰ́σθων
					middle
infinitive					ὠρύσᾰσθαι
participle	m				ὠρυσᾰ́μενος
	f				ὠρυσᾰμένη
	n				ὠρυσᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ὠρυγή (ōrugḗ)
ὤρυγμα (ṓrugma)
ὠρυδόν (ōrudón)
ὠρυθμός (ōruthmós)
ὠρυκτής (ōruktḗs)
ὤρυμα (ṓruma)
ὠρυτός (ōrutós)
ὠρύωμα (ōrúōma)

Descendants

Greek: ωρύομαι (orýomai)

References

“ὠρύομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὠρύομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ὠρύομαι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
ὠρύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ὠρύομαι, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
ὠρύω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
GG5612 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN