ῥαχία

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ῥηχίη (rhēkhíē) — Ionic

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *wrā́kʰiā, either a deverbal formation from ῥᾱ́σσω (rhā́ssō, “strike, dash”) or an abstract or collective formation from the unattested *ῥᾱχος (*rhākhos, “stroke, bump”) (which is from the same root as the former).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /r̥aː.kʰí.aː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /raˈkʰi.a/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /raˈçi.a/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /raˈçi.a/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /raˈçi.a/

Noun

ῥᾱχῐ́ᾱ • (rhākhĭ́ā) f (genitive ῥᾱχῐ́ᾱς); first declension

flood tide
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.11
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.198
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.129
- 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 19.135
the roar of the breakers
(figurative) the roar of a crowd
- Posidipp. 27.11
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.789d
- Diogenian. 7.99
rocky shore or beach
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 713
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.10
- 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 3.39.4
- 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 16.4.23
alternative form of ῥᾰ́χῐς (rhắkhĭs, “backbone”)
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 1088
- 350 CE – 450 CE, Nonnus, Dionysiaca 11.182
- 350 CE – 450 CE, Nonnus, Dionysiaca 39.334

Declension

First declension of ἡ ῥᾱχῐ́ᾱ; τῆς ῥᾱχῐ́ᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ῥᾱχῐ́ᾱ hē rhākhĭ́ā	τὼ ῥᾱχῐ́ᾱ tṑ rhākhĭ́ā	αἱ ῥᾱχῐ́αι hai rhākhĭ́ai
Genitive	τῆς ῥᾱχῐ́ᾱς tês rhākhĭ́ās	τοῖν ῥᾱχῐ́αιν toîn rhākhĭ́ain	τῶν ῥᾱχῐῶν tôn rhākhĭôn
Dative	τῇ ῥᾱχῐ́ᾳ tēî rhākhĭ́āi	τοῖν ῥᾱχῐ́αιν toîn rhākhĭ́ain	ταῖς ῥᾱχῐ́αις taîs rhākhĭ́ais
Accusative	τὴν ῥᾱχῐ́ᾱν tḕn rhākhĭ́ān	τὼ ῥᾱχῐ́ᾱ tṑ rhākhĭ́ā	τᾱ̀ς ῥᾱχῐ́ᾱς tā̀s rhākhĭ́ās
Vocative	ῥᾱχῐ́ᾱ rhākhĭ́ā	ῥᾱχῐ́ᾱ rhākhĭ́ā	ῥᾱχῐ́αι rhākhĭ́ai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of ἡ ῥηχίη; τῆς ῥηχίης (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ῥηχίη hē rhēkhíē	τὼ ῥηχίᾱ tṑ rhēkhíā	αἱ ῥηχίαι hai rhēkhíai
Genitive	τῆς ῥηχίης tês rhēkhíēs	τοῖν ῥηχίαιν toîn rhēkhíain	τῶν ῥηχιέων / ῥηχιῶν tôn rhēkhiéōn / rhēkhiôn
Dative	τῇ ῥηχίῃ tēî rhēkhíēi	τοῖν ῥηχίαιν toîn rhēkhíain	τῇσῐ / τῇσῐν ῥηχίῃσῐ / ῥηχίῃσῐν tēîsĭ(n) rhēkhíēisĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν ῥηχίην tḕn rhēkhíēn	τὼ ῥηχίᾱ tṑ rhēkhíā	τᾱ̀ς ῥηχίᾱς tā̀s rhēkhíās
Vocative	ῥηχίη rhēkhíē	ῥηχίᾱ rhēkhíā	ῥηχίαι rhēkhíai
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “flood tide”): ἄμπωτις (ámpōtis)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥαχία”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1277