ῥώννυμι

Ancient Greek

FWOTD – 11 December 2023

Alternative forms

  • ῥωννύω (rhōnnúō)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Could be related to ῥώομαι (rhṓomai, “I dart”), as well as Sanskrit सार (sāra, “strength, power, energy”), which would hypothetically trace back to a Proto-Indo-European *serh₃- (“power; to move violently”).[1] See also English raw, Swedish rå (“raw”).

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ῥώννῡμῐ • (rhṓnnūmĭ)

  1. to strengthen
    • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Nutriments 2:
      αὔξει δὲ καὶ ῥώννυσι καὶ σαρκοῖ καὶ ὁμοιοῖ καὶ ἀνομοιοῖ
      aúxei dè kaì rhṓnnusi kaì sarkoî kaì homoioî kaì anomoioî
      It increases, strengthens, clothes with flesh, makes like, makes unlike
    • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pericles 19:
      οὐ γὰρ μόνον ἐποίκους Ἀθηναίων χιλίους κομίσας ἔρρωσεν εὐανδρίᾳ τὰς πόλεις
      ou gàr mónon epoíkous Athēnaíōn khilíous komísas érrhōsen euandríāi tàs póleis
      Not only did he bring thither a thousand Athenian colonists and stock the cities anew with vigorous manhood
  2. (perfect in present sense) to have strength
    • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 3.4.29:
      φιλότιμον μὲν καὶ ἐρρωμένον τὴν ψυχήν
      philótimon mèn kaì errhōménon tḕn psukhḗn
      ambitious and with a stout spirit
    1. to be eager, enthusiastic
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.8:
        ὀλίγον τε ἐπενόουν οὐδὲν ἀμφότεροι, ἀλλ’ ἔρρωντο ἐς τὸν πόλεμον οὐκ ἀπεικότως:
        olígon te epenóoun oudèn amphóteroi, all’ érrhōnto es tòn pólemon ouk apeikótōs:
        On neither side were there any mean thoughts; they both were full of enthusiasm:
      • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Agoratus 31:
        οὕτω ἔρρωτο ἡ βουλὴ κακόν τι ἐργάζεσθαι αὐτὸν
        hoútō érrhōto hē boulḕ kakón ti ergázesthai autòn
        so firmly determined were the Council to work some mischief
    2. to be in good health
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.15:
        καὶ γὰρ ὅτ’ ἐρρώμην πολλὰ ἐν ἡγεμονίαις ὑμᾶς εὖ ἐποίησα.
        kaì gàr hót’ errhṓmēn pollà en hēgemoníais humâs eû epoíēsa.
        as while I was in my prime I did you much good service in my commands.
      1. (imperative) be in good health, farewell, goodbye

Inflection

   Present: ῥώννῡμῐ, ῥώννῠμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ῥώννῡμῐ ῥώννῡς ῥώννῡσῐ(ν) ῥώννῠτον ῥώννῠτον ῥώννῠμεν ῥώννῠτε ῥωννῠ́ᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ῥωννῠ́ω ῥωννῠ́ῃς ῥωννῠ́ῃ ῥωννῠ́ητον ῥωννῠ́ητον ῥωννῠ́ωμεν ῥωννῠ́ητε ῥωννῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative ῥωννῠ́οιμῐ ῥωννῠ́οις ῥωννῠ́οι ῥωννῠ́οιτον ῥωννῠοίτην ῥωννῠ́οιμεν ῥωννῠ́οιτε ῥωννῠ́οιεν
imperative   ῥώννῡ ῥωννῠ́τω ῥώννῠτον ῥωννῠ́των   ῥώννῠτε ῥωννῠ́ντων
middle/
passive 		indicative ῥώννῠμαι ῥώννῠσαι ῥώννῠται ῥώννῠσθον ῥώννῠσθον ῥωννῠ́μεθα ῥώννῠσθε ῥώννῠνται
subjunctive ῥωννῠ́ωμαι ῥωννῠ́ῃ ῥωννῠ́ηται ῥωννῠ́ησθον ῥωννῠ́ησθον ῥωννῠώμεθᾰ ῥωννῠ́ησθε ῥωννῠ́ωνται
optative ῥωννῠοίμην ῥωννῠ́οιο ῥωννῠ́οιτο ῥωννῠ́οισθον ῥωννῠοίσθην ῥωννῠοίμεθᾰ ῥωννῠ́οισθε ῥωννῠ́οιντο
imperative   ῥώννῠσο ῥωννῠ́σθω ῥώννῠσθον ῥωννῠ́σθων   ῥώννῠσθε ῥωννῠ́σθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ῥωννῠ́ναι ῥώννῠσθαι
participle m ῥωννῡ́ς ῥωννῠ́μενος
f ῥωννῦσᾰ ῥωννῠμένη
n ῥωννῠ́ν ῥωννῠ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐρρώννῡν, ἐρρωννῠ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρρώννῡν ἐρρώννῡς ἐρρώννῡ ἐρρώννῠτον ἐρρωννῠ́την ἐρρώννῠμεν ἐρρώννῠτε ἐρρώννῠσᾰν
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐρρωννῠ́μην ἐρρώννῠσο ἐρρώννῠτο ἐρρώννῠσθον ἐρρωννῠ́σθην ἐρρωννῠ́μεθᾰ ἐρρώννῠσθε ἐρρώννῠντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ῥώσω, ῥώσομαι, ῥωσθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ῥώσω ῥώσεις ῥώσει ῥώσετον ῥώσετον ῥώσομεν ῥώσετε ῥώσουσῐ(ν)
optative ῥώσοιμῐ ῥώσοις ῥώσοι ῥώσοιτον ῥωσοίτην ῥώσοιμεν ῥώσοιτε ῥώσοιεν
middle indicative ῥώσομαι ῥώσῃ / ῥώσει ῥώσεται ῥώσεσθον ῥώσεσθον ῥωσόμεθᾰ ῥώσεσθε ῥώσονται
optative ῥωσοίμην ῥώσοιο ῥώσοιτο ῥώσοισθον ῥωσοίσθην ῥωσοίμεθᾰ ῥώσοισθε ῥώσοιντο
passive indicative ῥωσθήσομαι ῥωσθήσῃ ῥωσθήσεται ῥωσθήσεσθον ῥωσθήσεσθον ῥωσθησόμεθᾰ ῥωσθήσεσθε ῥωσθήσονται
optative ῥωσθησοίμην ῥωσθήσοιο ῥωσθήσοιτο ῥωσθήσοισθον ῥωσθησοίσθην ῥωσθησοίμεθᾰ ῥωσθήσοισθε ῥωσθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive ῥώσειν ῥώσεσθαι ῥωσθήσεσθαι
participle m ῥώσων ῥωσόμενος ῥωσθησόμενος
f ῥώσουσᾰ ῥωσομένη ῥωσθησομένη
n ῥῶσον ῥωσόμενον ῥωσθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔρρωσᾰ, ἐρρωσᾰ́μην, ἐρρώσθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔρρωσᾰ ἔρρωσᾰς ἔρρωσε(ν) ἐρρώσᾰτον ἐρρωσᾰ́την ἐρρώσᾰμεν ἐρρώσᾰτε ἔρρωσᾰν
subjunctive ῥώσω ῥώσῃς ῥώσῃ ῥώσητον ῥώσητον ῥώσωμεν ῥώσητε ῥώσωσῐ(ν)
optative ῥώσαιμῐ ῥώσειᾰς / ῥώσαις ῥώσειε(ν) / ῥώσαι ῥώσαιτον ῥωσαίτην ῥώσαιμεν ῥώσαιτε ῥώσειᾰν / ῥώσαιεν
imperative   ῥῶσον ῥωσᾰ́τω ῥώσᾰτον ῥωσᾰ́των   ῥώσᾰτε ῥωσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐρρωσᾰ́μην ἐρρώσω ἐρρώσᾰτο ἐρρώσᾰσθον ἐρρωσᾰ́σθην ἐρρωσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐρρώσᾰσθε ἐρρώσᾰντο
subjunctive ῥώσωμαι ῥώσῃ ῥώσηται ῥώσησθον ῥώσησθον ῥωσώμεθᾰ ῥώσησθε ῥώσωνται
optative ῥωσαίμην ῥώσαιο ῥώσαιτο ῥώσαισθον ῥωσαίσθην ῥωσαίμεθᾰ ῥώσαισθε ῥώσαιντο
imperative   ῥῶσαι ῥωσᾰ́σθω ῥώσᾰσθον ῥωσᾰ́σθων   ῥώσᾰσθε ῥωσᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐρρώσθην ἐρρώσθης ἐρρώσθη ἐρρώσθητον ἐρρωσθήτην ἐρρώσθημεν ἐρρώσθητε ἐρρώσθησᾰν
subjunctive ῥωσθῶ ῥωσθῇς ῥωσθῇ ῥωσθῆτον ῥωσθῆτον ῥωσθῶμεν ῥωσθῆτε ῥωσθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ῥωσθείην ῥωσθείης ῥωσθείη ῥωσθεῖτον / ῥωσθείητον ῥωσθείτην / ῥωσθειήτην ῥωσθεῖμεν / ῥωσθείημεν ῥωσθεῖτε / ῥωσθείητε ῥωσθεῖεν / ῥωσθείησᾰν
imperative   ῥώσθητῐ ῥωσθήτω ῥώσθητον ῥωσθήτων   ῥώσθητε ῥωσθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive ῥῶσαι ῥώσᾰσθαι ῥωσθῆναι
participle m ῥώσᾱς ῥωσᾰ́μενος ῥωσθείς
f ῥώσᾱσᾰ ῥωσᾰμένη ῥωσθεῖσᾰ
n ῥῶσᾰν ῥωσᾰ́μενον ῥωσθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: ἔρρωμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ἔρρωμαι ἔρρωσαι ἔρρωται ἔρρωσθον ἔρρωσθον ἐρρώμεθᾰ ἔρρωσθε ἔρρωνται
subjunctive ἐρρωμένος ὦ ἐρρωμένος ᾖς ἐρρωμένος ᾖ ἐρρωμένω ἦτον ἐρρωμένω ἦτον ἐρρωμένοι ὦμεν ἐρρωμένοι ἦτε ἐρρωμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρρωμένος εἴην ἐρρωμένος εἴης ἐρρωμένος εἴη ἐρρωμένω εἴητον / εἶτον ἐρρωμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην ἐρρωμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν ἐρρωμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε ἐρρωμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν
imperative   ἔρρωσο ἐρρώσθω ἔρρωσθον ἐρρώσθων   ἔρρωσθε ἐρρώσθων
middle/passive
infinitive ἐρρῶσθαι
participle m ἐρρωμένος
f ἐρρωμένη
n ἐρρωμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐρρώμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐρρώμην ἔρρωσο ἔρρωτο ἔρρωσθον ἐρρώσθην ἐρρώμεθᾰ ἔρρωσθε ἔρρωντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

  • ἀνᾰρρωννῡμῐ (anărrhōnnūmĭ)
  • ἄρρωστος (árrhōstos)
  • ἐπῐρρωννῡμῐ (epĭrrhōnnūmĭ)
  • εὔρωστος (eúrōstos)
  • συρρωννῠμαι (surrhōnnŭmai)
  • τᾰχύρρωστος (tăkhúrrhōstos)
  • ῥώμη (rhṓmē)
  • ῥωρός (rhōrós)
  • ῥῶσῐς (rhôsĭs)
  • ῥῶστᾰξ (rhôstăx)
  • ῥωστήρῐον (rhōstḗrĭon)
  • ῥωστῐκός (rhōstĭkós)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥώννυμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1296-7

Further reading

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