ⲥϩⲁⲓ

Coptic

Alternative forms

ⲥⳉⲉⲉⲓ (sxeei) — Akhmimic
ⲥϩⲉⲓ (shei) — Fayyumic
ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ (sheei) — Lycopolitan
ⲥϧⲁⲓ (sxai) — Bohairic

Etymology

From Demotic sẖ (“to write”), from Egyptian

(zẖꜣ, “to write, to paint”).

Verb

ⲥϩⲁⲓ • (shai) (nominal state ⲥϩⲁⲓ- or ⲥⲉϩ-, pronominal state ⲥϩⲁⲓⲥ⸗ or ⲥϩⲁⲓⲧ⸗ or ⲥⲁϩ⸗ or ⲥⲁϩⲧ⸗ or ⲥⲉϩⲧ⸗, stative ⲥⲏϩ†)

(Sahidic) to write

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⲥϩⲁⲓ (Sahidic dialect)

infinitive	affirmative	ⲥϩⲁⲓ shai	imperative	affirmative	ⲥϩⲁⲓ shai
infinitive	negative	ⲧⲙ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ tm̄shai	imperative	negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pr̄shai

		singular					plural			nominal
		1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		1st person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
durative sentence
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
present	basic	ϯⲥϩⲁⲓ tishai	ⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ kshai	ⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ teshai	ϥⲥϩⲁⲓ fshai	ⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ sshai	ⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ tn̄shai	ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ tetn̄shai	ⲥⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ seshai	ⲥϩⲁⲓ shai
	circumstantial, focalising	ⲉⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ eïshai	ⲉⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ ekshai	ⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ereshai	ⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ efshai	ⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ esshai	ⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ enshai	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etetn̄shai	ⲉⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ eushai	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ ere- shai
	relative	ⲉϯⲥϩⲁⲓ etishai	ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etk̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ eteshai, etereshai	ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etf̄shai	ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ ets̄shai	ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etn̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etetn̄shai	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ etoushai	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ etere- shai
	preterite	ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ neïshai	ⲛⲉⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ nekshai	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ nereshai	ⲛⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ nefshai	ⲛⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ nesshai	ⲛⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ nenshai	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ netetn̄shai	ⲛⲉⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ neushai	ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ nere- shai
future	basic	ϯⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ tinashai	ⲕⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ knashai	ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ tenashai	ϥⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ fnashai	ⲥⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ snashai	ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ tn̄nashai	ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ tetnashai	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ senashai	ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ nashai
	circumstantial, focalising	ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ eïnashai	ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ eknashai	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ erenashai	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ efnashai	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ esnashai	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ ennashai	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ etetnashai	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ eunashai	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ ere- nashai
	relative	ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ etinashai	ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ etk̄nashai	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ etenashai, eterenashai	ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ etf̄nashai	ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ ets̄nashai	ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ etn̄nashai	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ etetnashai	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ etounashai	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ etere- nashai
	preterite	ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ neïnashai	ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ neknashai	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ nerenashai	ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ nefnashai	ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ nesnashai	ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ nennashai	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ netetnashai	ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ neunashai	ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ nere- nashai
negated with		(ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an
non-durative sentence
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
past	basic affirmative	ⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ aïshai	ⲁⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ akshai	ⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲁⲣⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ashai, arshai, areshai	ⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ afshai	ⲁⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ asshai	ⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ anshai	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ atetn̄shai	ⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ aushai	ⲁ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ a- shai
	basic negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pishai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pk̄shai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄peshai, m̄pr̄shai	ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pf̄shai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄ps̄shai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pn̄shai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄petn̄shai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄poushai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pe- shai
	circumstantial affirmative	ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ eaïshai	ⲉⲁⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ eakshai	ⲉⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉⲁⲣⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ eashai, earshai, eareshai	ⲉⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ eafshai	ⲉⲁⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ easshai	ⲉⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ eanshai	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ eatetn̄shai	ⲉⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ eaushai	ⲉⲁ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ ea- shai
	circumstantial negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄pishai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄pk̄shai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄peshai, em̄pr̄shai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄pf̄shai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄ps̄shai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄pn̄shai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄petn̄shai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄poushai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄pe- shai
	relative affirmative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ entaïshai, n̄taïshai	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ entakshai, n̄takshai	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ entashai, n̄tashai, entarshai, n̄tarshai, entareshai, n̄tareshai	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ entafshai, n̄tafshai	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ entasshai, n̄tasshai	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ entanshai, n̄tanshai	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ entatetn̄shai, n̄tatetn̄shai	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ entaushai, n̄taushai	ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ enta- shai, n̄ta- shai
	relative negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄pishai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄pk̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄peshai, etem̄pr̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄pf̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄ps̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄pn̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄petn̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄poushai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄pe- shai
	preterite affirmative	ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ neaïshai	ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ neakshai	ⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ neashai, nearshai, neareshai	ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ neafshai	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ neasshai	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ neanshai	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ neatetn̄shai	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ neaushai	ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ nea- shai
	preterite negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄pishai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄pk̄shai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄peshai, nem̄pr̄shai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄pf̄shai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄ps̄shai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄pn̄shai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄petn̄shai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄poushai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄pe- shai
	focalising affirmative	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄taïshai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄takshai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄tashai, n̄tarshai, n̄tareshai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄tafshai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄tasshai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄tanshai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄tatetn̄shai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄taushai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄ta- shai
expectative	basic negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄patishai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄patk̄shai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pateshai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄patf̄shai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pats̄shai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄patn̄shai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄patetn̄shai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄patoushai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pate- shai
	circumstantial negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄patishai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄patk̄shai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄pateshai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄patf̄shai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄pats̄shai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄patn̄shai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄patetn̄shai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄patoushai	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ em̄pate- shai
	relative negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄patishai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄patk̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄pateshai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄patf̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄pats̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄patn̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄patetn̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄patoushai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ etem̄pate- shai
	preterite negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄patishai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄patk̄shai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄pateshai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄patf̄shai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄pats̄shai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄patn̄shai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄patetn̄shai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄patoushai	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ nem̄pate- shai
aorist	basic affirmative	ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ šaïshai	ϣⲁⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ šakshai	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ šareshai	ϣⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ šafshai	ϣⲁⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ šasshai	ϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ šanshai	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ šatetn̄shai	ϣⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ šaushai	ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ šare- shai
	basic negative	ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ meïshai	ⲙⲉⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ mekshai	ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ mereshai	ⲙⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ mefshai	ⲙⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ messhai	ⲙⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ menshai	ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ metetn̄shai	ⲙⲉⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ meushai	ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ mere- shai
	circumstantial affirmative	ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ ešaïshai	ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ ešakshai	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ešareshai	ⲉϣⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ ešafshai	ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ ešasshai	ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ ešanshai	ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ ešatetn̄shai	ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ ešaushai	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ ešare- shai
	circumstantial negative	ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ emeïshai	ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ emekshai	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ emereshai	ⲉⲙⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ emefshai	ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ emesshai	ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ emenshai	ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ emetetn̄shai	ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ emeushai	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ emere- shai
	relative affirmative	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ etešaïshai, ešaïshai	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ etešakshai, ešakshai	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ etešareshai, ešareshai	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ etešafshai, ešafshai	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ etešasshai, ešasshai	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ etešanshai, ešanshai	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etešatetn̄shai, ešatetn̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ etešaushai, ešaushai	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ etešare- shai, ešare- shai
	relative negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ etemeïshai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ etemekshai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ etemereshai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ etemefshai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ etemesshai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ etemenshai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etemetetn̄shai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ etemeushai	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ etemere- shai
	preterite affirmative	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ nešaïshai	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ nešakshai	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ nešareshai	ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲥϩⲁⲓ nešafshai	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ nešasshai	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ nešanshai	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ nešatetn̄shai	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ nešaushai	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ nešare- shai
	preterite negative	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ nemeïshai	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ nemekshai	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ nemereshai	ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ nemefshai	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ nemesshai	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ nemenshai	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ nemetetn̄shai	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ nemeushai	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ nemere- shai
	focalising affirmative	ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ emeïshai	ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ emekshai	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ emereshai	ⲉⲙⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ emefshai	ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ emesshai	ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ emenshai	ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ emetetn̄shai	ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ emeushai	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ emere- shai
optative	basic affirmative	ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ eïeshai	ⲉⲕⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ekeshai	ⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ereshai	ⲉϥⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ efeshai	ⲉⲥⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ eseshai	ⲉⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ eneshai	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ etetneshai	ⲉⲩⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ eueshai	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ ere- shai
optative	basic affirmative	ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄nashai	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄nekshai	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄neshai	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄nefshai	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄nesshai	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄nenshai	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄netn̄shai	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄neushai	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄ne- shai
jussive	basic affirmative	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥϩⲁⲓ marishai	(use imperative)		ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ marefshai	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ maresshai	ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ marn̄shai	(use imperative)	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ maroushai	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ mare- shai
jussive	basic affirmative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pr̄trashai	(use imperative)		ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pr̄trefshai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pr̄tresshai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pr̄trenshai	(use imperative)	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pr̄treushai	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ m̄pr̄tre- shai
subordinate clause
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
conjunctive		ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲧⲁⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄tashai, tashai	ⲛ̄ⲅⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄gshai, n̄kshai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄teshai	ⲛ̄ϥⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄fshai	ⲛ̄ⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄sshai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄tn̄shai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄tetn̄shai	ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄seshai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄te- shai
future conjunctive		ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥϩⲁⲓ tarishai	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ tarekshai	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ tareshai	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ tarefshai	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ taresshai	ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ tarn̄shai	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ taretn̄shai	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ taroushai	ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ tare- shai
precursive		ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄terishai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄terekshai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄tereshai, n̄terershai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄terefshai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄teresshai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄tern̄shai, n̄terenshai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄teretn̄shai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄teroushai	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ n̄tere- shai
limitative		ϣⲁⲛϯⲥϩⲁⲓ šantishai	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ šantk̄shai	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ šanteshai	ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ šantf̄shai	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ šants̄shai	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ šantn̄shai	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ šantetn̄shai	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ šantoushai	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ šante- shai
conditional	long	ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ eïšanshai	ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ ekšanshai	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ eršanshai, erešanshai	ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ efšanshai	ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ esšanshai	ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ enšanshai	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ etetn̄šanshai	ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ eušanshai	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ eršan- shai
conditional	short	ⲉⲓ̈ⲥϩⲁⲓ eïshai	ⲉⲕⲥϩⲁⲓ ekshai	ⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ereshai	ⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ efshai	ⲉⲥⲥϩⲁⲓ esshai	ⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ enshai	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥϩⲁⲓ etetn̄shai	ⲉⲩⲥϩⲁⲓ eushai	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϩⲁⲓ ere- shai
negated with		ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄-

Derived terms

ⲣⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ (refshai)
ⲙⲛⲧⲥϩⲁⲓ (mntshai)
ⲁⲧⲥϩⲁⲓ (atshai)
ϭⲓⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ (cinshai)

Related terms

ⲥⲁϩ (sah)

References

Marcion Coptic dictionary
TLA lemma no. C3972 (ⲣⲉϥⲥϩⲁⲓ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA), (accessed 2024-09-01).