以外

Chinese

		to use; according to; so as to to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.)	outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external
trad. (以外)		以	外
simp. ^#(以外)		以	外

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǐwài

(Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄨㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵ ngoi⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yî-ngoi

(Hailu, HRS): rhi^ˋ ngoi^˖
Northern Min (KCR): ǐ-ngṳē
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): í-gōa / í-gōe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǐwài
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄨㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǐwài
  - Wade–Giles: i³-wai⁴
  - Yale: yǐ-wài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiiway
  - Palladius: ивай (ivaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴⁻²¹ waɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji⁵ ngoi⁶
  - Yale: yíh ngoih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵ ngoi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵ ngoi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³ ŋɔːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-ngoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: i^ˊ ngoi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ ngoi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋoi̯⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-ngoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i^ˊ ngoi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ ngoi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋoi̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhi^ˋ ngoi^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒi⁵³ ŋoi³³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǐ-ngṳē
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹ ŋyɛ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-gōa
  - Tâi-lô: í-guā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: y'goa
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡua³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡua³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡua²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡua⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-gōe
  - Tâi-lô: í-guē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: y'goe
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡue²²/

Postposition

以外

apart from; other than; except for; beyond; excluding; in addition

Synonyms

之外 (zhīwài)

Derived terms

除了……以外 (chúle...yǐwài)

Adjective

以外

external

Related terms

額外／额外 (éwài)
另外 (lìngwài)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (以外):

→ Japanese: 以外(いがい) (igai)
→ Korean: 이외(以外) (ioe)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
以	外
い Grade: 4	がい Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いがい [íꜜgàì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [iɡa̠i]

Postposition

以(い)外(がい) • (igai)

apart from; excepting (something)
関(かん)係(けい)者(しゃ)以(い)外(がい)立(たち)入(いり)禁(きん)止(し)
kankeisha igai tachiiri kinshi
authorized personnel only
(literally, “entry is forbidden except for related persons”)

Antonyms

以(い)内(ない) (inai)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]