任意

Chinese

		to assign; to appoint; office to assign; to appoint; office; responsibility	idea; meaning; wish idea; meaning; wish; desire; Italy (abbrev.)
trad. (任意)		任	意
simp. ^#(任意)		任	意

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rènyì

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jam⁶ ji³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngim-yi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): līm-ì / jīm-ì

(Teochew, Peng'im): rim⁶ i³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rènyì
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rènyì
  - Wade–Giles: jên⁴-i⁴
  - Yale: rèn-yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rennyih
  - Palladius: жэньи (žɛnʹi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jam⁶ ji³
  - Yale: yahm yi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jam⁶ ji³
  - Guangdong Romanization: yem⁶ yi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐm²² jiː³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngim-yi
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngim i
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngim⁴ yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋim⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngim-yi
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngim (r)i
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngim⁴ yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋim⁵⁵ (j)i⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm-ì
  - Tâi-lô: līm-ì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lixm'ix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁴¹⁻²² i⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lim²²⁻²¹ i²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lim³³⁻¹¹ i¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm-ì
  - Tâi-lô: jīm-ì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jixm'ix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim³³⁻²¹ i²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zim²²⁻²¹ i²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: rim⁶ i³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jĭm ì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zim³⁵⁻¹¹ i²¹³/

Adverb

任意

as one pleases; as one likes; whatever one wants

Synonyms

edit

亂 / 乱 (luàn)
恣意 (zìyì)
狂 (kuáng) (literary, or in compounds)
肆意 (sìyì)
胡亂 / 胡乱 (húluàn)

Adjective

任意

(attributive) arbitrary; willful

Derived terms

任意子 (rènyìzǐ)
任意性 (rènyìxìng)
任意法
任意球 (rènyìqiú)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (任意):

→ Japanese: 任意(にんい) (nin'i)
→ Korean: 임의(任意) (imui)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
任	意
にん Grade: 5	い Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) にんい [níꜜǹ'ì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ĩɰ̃i]

Adjective

任(にん)意(い) • (nin'i) -na (adnominal 任(にん)意(い)な (nin'i na), adverbial 任(にん)意(い)に (nin'i ni))

arbitrary, as one wants or thinks
free, up to a person, according to their will, voluntary

Inflection

Inflection of 任意

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	任意だろ	にんいだろ	nin'i daro
Continuative (連用形)	任意で	にんいで	nin'i de
Terminal (終止形)	任意だ	にんいだ	nin'i da
Attributive (連体形)	任意な	にんいな	nin'i na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	任意なら	にんいなら	nin'i nara
Imperative (命令形)	任意であれ	にんいであれ	nin'i de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	任意ではない任意じゃない	にんいではないにんいじゃない	nin'i de wa nai nin'i ja nai
Informal past	任意だった	にんいだった	nin'i datta
Informal negative past	任意ではなかった任意じゃなかった	にんいではなかったにんいじゃなかった	nin'i de wa nakatta nin'i ja nakatta
Formal	任意です	にんいです	nin'i desu
Formal negative	任意ではありません任意じゃありません	にんいではありませんにんいじゃありません	nin'i de wa arimasen nin'i ja arimasen
Formal past	任意でした	にんいでした	nin'i deshita
Formal negative past	任意ではありませんでした任意じゃありませんでした	にんいではありませんでしたにんいじゃありませんでした	nin'i de wa arimasen deshita nin'i ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	任意で	にんいで	nin'i de
Conditional	任意なら（ば）	にんいなら（ば）	nin'i nara (ba)
Provisional	任意だったら	にんいだったら	nin'i dattara
Volitional	任意だろう	にんいだろう	nin'i darō
Adverbial	任意に	にんいに	nin'i ni
Degree	任意さ	にんいさ	nin'isa

Noun

任(にん)意(い) • (nin'i)

any choices, arbitrary selections
free will

Derived terms

任意性(にんいせい) (nin'isei): facultativity

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
任	意

Noun

任意 • (imui) (hangeul 임의)

hanja form^? of 임의 (“voluntary”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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