体操
See also: 體操
Chinese
| For pronunciation and definitions of 体操 – see 體操 (“gymnastics”). (This term is the simplified form of 體操). |
Notes:
|
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 体 | 操 |
| たい Grade: 2 |
そう Grade: 6 |
| goon | on'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 體操 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
Apparently coined in Japanese from Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 体 (tai, “body”) + 操 (sō, “control, manipulate”). First cited in education-related materials from the early Meiji Period in the early 1870s, as part of educational reforms that included the addition of physical education to school curricula.[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
Noun
- [from 1873] gymnastics, exercises, calisthenics
- テレビを見ながら体操をする
- terebi o mi nagara taisō o suru
- do exercises while watching TV
- テレビを見ながら体操をする
- [1873 to late 1940s] (archaic, education) physical education, PE (replaced by the term 体育 (taiiku))
Derived terms
- 医療体操 (iryō taisō)
- 器械体操 (kikai taisō)
- 組み体操 (kumi taisō)
- 国民保健体操 (kokuminhoken taisō)
- 柔軟体操 (jūnan taisō)
- 手具体操 (shugu taisō)
- 新体操 (shintaisō)
- スウェーデン体操 (suwēden taisō)
- ストレッチ体操 (sutoretchi taisō, “stretching (exercise)”)
- 体操競技 (taisō kyōgi)
- デンマーク体操 (denmāku taisō)
- ドイツ体操 (doitsu taisō)
- 徒手体操 (toshu taisō)
- 美容体操 (biyō taisō)
- 兵式体操 (heishiki taisō)
- ラジオ体操 (rajio taisō)
- 律動体操 (ritsudō taisō)
Descendants
- → Indonesian: taiso
See also
Verb
体操する • (taisō suru) ←たいさう (taisau)?suru (stem 体操し (taisō shi), past 体操した (taisō shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "体操する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 体操し | たいそうし | taisō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 体操し | たいそうし | taisō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 体操する | たいそうする | taisō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 体操する | たいそうする | taisō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 体操すれ | たいそうすれ | taisō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 体操せよ¹ 体操しろ² |
たいそうせよ¹ たいそうしろ² |
taisō seyo¹ taisō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 体操される | たいそうされる | taisō sareru | |
| Causative | 体操させる 体操さす |
たいそうさせる たいそうさす |
taisō saseru taisō sasu | |
| Potential | 体操できる | たいそうできる | taisō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 体操しよう | たいそうしよう | taisō shiyō | |
| Negative | 体操しない | たいそうしない | taisō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 体操せず | たいそうせず | taisō sezu | |
| Formal | 体操します | たいそうします | taisō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 体操した | たいそうした | taisō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 体操して | たいそうして | taisō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 体操すれば | たいそうすれば | taisō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ “体操”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
- ^ “体操”, in 改訂新版 世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN