偃

偃	U+5043, 偃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5043

← 偂
[U+5042]

CJK Unified Ideographs

偄 →
[U+5044]

Translingual

Han character

偃 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人尸日女 (OSAV), four-corner 2121₄, composition ⿰亻匽)

Derived characters

𠼸, 𩻖, 𪅬

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 109, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 830
Dae Jaweon: page 233, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 187, character 1
Unihan data for U+5043

Chinese

trad.		偃
simp. ^#		偃
alternative forms		匽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 偃
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Small seal script s05871 Transcribed ancient scripts L34792 L16398 L16399 L16400 L16401 L16402 L16403
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (妟) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
堰	qrens, qanʔ, *qans
躽	qrens, qeːnʔ
宴	qeːnʔ, qeːns
蝘	qeːnʔ, qanʔ
偃	*qanʔ
郾	qanʔ, qans
鶠	*qanʔ
褗	qanʔ, qans
匽	*qanʔ
鼴	*qanʔ
鰋	*qanʔ
揠	*qreːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qanʔ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 匽 (OC *qanʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎn (yan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin² / jim²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yén / yán

(Hailu, HRS): rhan^ˊ
Eastern Min (BUC): iēng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeng³ / yoeng³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ián

(Teochew, Peng'im): iam² / iang²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
  - Wade–Giles: yen³
  - Yale: yǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jin² / jim²
  - Yale: yín / yím
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin² / jim²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin² / yim²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn³⁵/, /jiːm³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yén
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan³
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yán
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan³
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhan^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒan²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: oeng³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ê̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /œŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: yoeng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yøŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ián
  - Tâi-lô: ián
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iern
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iam² / iang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iám / iáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iam⁵²/, /iaŋ⁵²/

Note:

iam2 - Chaozhou;
iang2 - Chenghai.

Middle Chinese: 'jonX

Rime
Character	偃
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於幰切
Baxter	'jonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨɐn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiɐn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiɐn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨan^X/
Li Rong	/ʔiɐn^X/
Wang Li	/ĭɐn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔɨ̯ɐn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔa[n]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qanʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	偃	偃
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎn	yǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjon^X ›	‹ ʔjon^X ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔa[n]ʔ/	/*ʔa[n]ʔ/
English	bend down	Yǎn (ancient state in Shāndōng)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偃
Reading #	1/1
No.	14384
Phonetic component	妟
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*qanʔ/

Definitions

偃

to fall on one's back; to lie down; to flop down
to desist; to cease; to stop

Compounds

修文偃武
偃仆
偃仰
偃佒
側偃 / 侧偃
偃兵息甲
偃師 / 偃师 (Yǎnshī, “Yanshi”)
偃師縣 / 偃师县
偃旗息鼓 (yǎnqíxīgǔ)
偃旗臥鼓 / 偃旗卧鼓
偃月 (yǎnyuè)
偃松
偃武修文
偃武興文 / 偃武兴文
偃波書 / 偃波书
偃臥 / 偃卧
偃草
偃衍
偃蹇
偃蹇困窮 / 偃蹇困穷
偃鼠
偃鼠飲河 / 偃鼠饮河
前合後偃 / 前合后偃
徐偃王
息偃
文修武偃
文偃
日角偃月
武偃文修
狐偃
臥鼓偃旗 / 卧鼓偃旗
與世偃仰 / 与世偃仰
草偃 (cǎoyǎn)
草偃風從 / 草偃风从
草偃風行 / 草偃风行
言偃
起偃為豎 / 起偃为竖
韜戈偃武 / 韬戈偃武
風行草偃 / 风行草偃 (fēngxíngcǎoyǎn)
鼻偃齒露 / 鼻偃齿露

References

“偃”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “偃”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 276.

Japanese

Kanji

偃

(Hyōgai kanji)

dam
weir

Readings

On (unclassified): えん (en)
Kun: ふせる (fuseru)、やすむ (yasumu)

Korean

Hanja

偃 (eum 언 (eon))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

偃: Hán Nôm readings: ễnh

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.