冬眠
Chinese
| winter | sleep | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (冬眠) |
冬 | 眠 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dung1 min4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tûng-mìn
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tong-biân / tong-bîn / tang-bîn
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: dōngmián
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dongmián
- Wade–Giles: tung1-mien2
- Yale: dūng-myán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongmian
- Palladius: дунмянь (dunmjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: dung1 min4
- Yale: dūng mìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: dung1 min4
- Guangdong Romanization: dung1 min4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ miːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-mìn
- Hakka Romanization System: dungˊ minˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: dung1 min2
- Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴ min¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tong-biân
- Tâi-lô: tong-biân
- Phofsit Daibuun: dongbieen
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ³³ biɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɛn¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tong-bîn
- Tâi-lô: tong-bîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: dongbiin
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-bîn
- Tâi-lô: tang-bîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: dangbiin
- IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ bin²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Verb
冬眠
Noun
冬眠
Adjective
冬眠
Descendants
See also
- 休眠 (xiūmián)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 冬 | 眠 |
| とう Grade: 2 |
みん Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
冬眠 • (tōmin)
Verb
冬眠する • (tōmin suru) intransitive suru (stem 冬眠し (tōmin shi), past 冬眠した (tōmin shita))
- to hibernate
Conjugation
Conjugation of "冬眠する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 冬眠し | とうみんし | tōmin shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 冬眠し | とうみんし | tōmin shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 冬眠する | とうみんする | tōmin suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 冬眠する | とうみんする | tōmin suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 冬眠すれ | とうみんすれ | tōmin sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 冬眠せよ¹ 冬眠しろ² |
とうみんせよ¹ とうみんしろ² |
tōmin seyo¹ tōmin shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 冬眠される | とうみんされる | tōmin sareru | |
| Causative | 冬眠させる 冬眠さす |
とうみんさせる とうみんさす |
tōmin saseru tōmin sasu | |
| Potential | 冬眠できる | とうみんできる | tōmin dekiru | |
| Volitional | 冬眠しよう | とうみんしよう | tōmin shiyō | |
| Negative | 冬眠しない | とうみんしない | tōmin shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 冬眠せず | とうみんせず | tōmin sezu | |
| Formal | 冬眠します | とうみんします | tōmin shimasu | |
| Perfective | 冬眠した | とうみんした | tōmin shita | |
| Conjunctive | 冬眠して | とうみんして | tōmin shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 冬眠すれば | とうみんすれば | tōmin sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 冬 | 眠 |
Noun
冬眠 • (dongmyeon) (hangeul 동면)
- hanja form? of 동면 (“hibernation”)