化学
See also: 化學
Chinese
| For pronunciation and definitions of 化学 – see 化學 (“study of change/transformations; chemistry; celluloid; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of 化學). |
Notes:
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Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 化 | 学 |
| か Grade: 3 |
がく Grade: 1 |
| kan'on | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 化學 (kyūjitai) |
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 化學 / 化学 (huàxué, literally “change + study”).[1]
Apparently first cited anywhere in an 1855 text in Chinese, in the diary of noted intellectual Wang Tao.[1] First cited in Japanese in an 1860 translation of a Dutch text by 川本幸民 (Kawamoto Kōmin).[1]
Superseded older term 舎密 (seimi).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
Noun
化学 • (kagaku) ←くわがく (kwagaku)?
- [from 1860] chemistry (branch of natural science)
Derived terms
- 化学剤 (kagakuzai, “chemical agent”)
- 化学式 (kagakushiki, “chemical formula”)
- 化学者 (kagakusha, “chemist”)
- 化学戦 (kagakusen, “chemical warfare”)
- 化学線 (kagakusen, “actinic rays”)
- 化学品 (kagakuhin, “chemical, chemical product”)
- 化学的 (kagakuteki, “chemical”, adjective)
- 化学吸着 (kagaku kyūchaku, “chemisorb”)
- 化学結合 (kagaku ketsugō, “chemical bond”)
- 化学研磨 (kagaku kenma, “chemical polishing”)
- 化学工学 (kagaku kōgaku, “chemical engineering”)
- 化学工業 (kagaku kōgyō, “chemical industry”)
- 化学攻撃 (kagaku kōgeki, “chemical attack”)
- 化学構造 (kagaku kōzō, “chemical structure”)
- 化学合成 (kagaku gōsei, “chemosynthesis”)
- 化学作用 (kagaku sayō, “chemical action”)
- 化学試験 (kagaku shiken, “chemical test”)
- 化学進化 (kagaku shinka, “chemical evolution”)
- 化学製品 (kagaku seihin, “chemical”)
- 化学繊維 (kagaku sen'i, “synthetic fibers”)
- 化学天秤 (kagaku tenbin, “chemical balance”)
- 化学当量 (kagaku tōryō, “chemical equivalent”)
- 化学発光 (kagaku hakkō, “chemoluminescence”)
- 化学反応 (kagaku hannō, “chemical reaction”)
- 化学肥料 (kagaku hiryō, “chemical fertilizer”)
- 化学物質 (kagaku busshitsu, “chemical substances”)
- 化学分析 (kagaku bunseki, “chemical analysis”)
- 化学兵器 (kagaku heiki, “chemical weapons”)
- 化学平衡 (kagaku heikō, “chemical equilibrium”)
- 化学変化 (kagaku henka, “chemical change”)
- 化学薬品 (kagaku yakuhin, “chemicals”)
- 化学療法 (kagaku ryōhō, “chemotherapy”)
- 化学エネルギー (kagaku enerugī, “chemical energy”)
- 化学ポテンシャル (kagaku potensharu, “chemical potential”)
- 化学調味料 (kagaku chōmiryō, “chemical seasoning”)
- 化学熱力学 (kagaku netsurikigaku, “chemical thermodynamics”)
- 化学反応式 (kagaku-hannōshiki, “reaction formula”)
- 化学物理学 (kagaku butsurigaku, “chemical physics”)
- 化学方程式 (kagaku hōteishiki, “chemical equation”)
- 化学汚染災害 (kagaku osen saigai, “chemical contamination disaster”)
- 化学浸透圧説 (kagaku shintō-atsusetsu, “chemiosmotic hypothesis”)
- 化学伝達物質 (kagaku dentatsu busshitsu, “chemotransmitter”)
- 化学兵器禁止条約 (kagaku heiki kinshi jōyaku, “chemical weapons ban treaty”)
- 医化学 (ikagaku, “medical chemistry”)
- 光化学 (kōkagaku, “photochemistry”)
- 生化学 (seikagaku, “biochemistry”)
- 理化学 (rikagaku, “physics and chemistry”)
- 応用化学 (ōyō kagaku, “applied chemistry”)
- 界面化学 (kaimen kagaku, “surface chemistry”)
- 計算化学 (keisan kagaku, “computational chemistry”)
- 工業化学 (kōgyō kagaku, “industrial chemistry”)
- 合成化学 (gōsei kagaku, “synthetic chemistry”)
- 生物化学 (seibutsu kagaku, “biochemistry”)
- 石油化学 (sekiyu kagaku, “petrochemistry”)
- 地球化学 (chikyū kagaku, “geochemistry”)
- 電気化学 (denki kagaku, “electrochemistry”)
- 農芸化学 (nōgei kagaku, “agricultural chemistry”)
- 物理化学 (butsuri kagaku, “physical chemistry”)
- 分析化学 (bunseki kagaku, “analytical chemistry”)
- 無機化学 (muki kagaku, “inorganic chemistry”)
- 有機化学 (yūki kagaku, “organic chemistry”)
- 立体化学 (rittai kagaku, “stereochemistry”)
- 量子化学 (ryōshi kagaku, “quantum chemistry”)
- 理論化学 (riron kagaku, “theoretical chemistry”)
- 宇宙化学 (uchū kagaku, “cosmochemistry”)
- コロイド化学 (koroido kagaku, “colloid chemistry”)
- 精密化学品 (seimitsu kagakuhin, “fine chemical”)
- ノーベル化学賞 (nōberu-kagakushō, “Nobel Prize in Chemistry”)
- ガス化学工業 (gasu kagaku kōgyō, “gas chemical industry”)
- 合成化学工業 (gōsei kagaku kōgyō, “synthetic chemical industry”)
- 生物化学兵器 (seibutsu kagaku heiki, “biological and chemical weapons”)
- 高分子化学 (kōbunshi kagaku, “high polymer chemistry”)
- 分子進化学 (bunshi-shinkagaku, “molecular evolution”)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 化 | 学 |
| ば(け) Grade: 3 |
がく Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | kan'on |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 化學 (kyūjitai) |
Reanalysis of 化学 (kagaku), as a compound of 化け (bake, stem of 化ける (bakeru, “to transform”)) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”). Alternative reading sometimes used to differentiate from phonetically identical 科学 (kagaku, “science”).[1][2][3][4][6]
First cited to a 1967 novel by 大原富枝 (Ōhara Tomie).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
化学 • (bakegaku)
- [from 1967] chemistry (branch of natural science)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 “化学”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ “化学”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months