南極

See also: 南极

Chinese

		south	utmost; pole; extreme utmost; pole; extreme; to reach the limit
trad. (南極)		南	極
simp. (南极)		南	极

Etymology

First attested in Kunyu Wanguo Quantu [1602].

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Nánjí

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): naam⁴ gik⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Nàm-khi̍t

(Hailu, HRS): nam kid^ˋ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Lâm-ke̍k / Lâm-kia̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): lam⁵ gêg⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Nánjí
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Nánjí
  - Wade–Giles: Nan²-chi²
  - Yale: Nán-jí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nanjyi
  - Palladius: Наньцзи (Nanʹczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nän³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: naam⁴ gik⁶
  - Yale: nàahm gihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: naam⁴ gik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: nam⁴ gig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /naːm²¹ kɪk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Nàm-khi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: nam^ˇ kid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nam² kid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ kʰit̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: nam kid^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /nam⁵⁵ kʰit²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-ke̍k
  - Tâi-lô: Lâm-ki̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lamkek
  - IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ kiɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² kiɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-kia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: Lâm-kia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lamkiak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² kiak̚²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lam⁵ gêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâm ke̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kek̚⁴/

Proper noun

南極

the South Pole

Derived terms

南極半島 / 南极半岛 (Nánjí Bàndǎo)
南極圈 / 南极圈 (Nánjíquān)
南極洲 / 南极洲 (Nánjízhōu)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (南極):

→ Japanese: 南極(なんきょく) (Nankyoku)
→ Korean: 남극(南極) (Namgeuk)
→ Vietnamese: Nam cực (南極)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
南	極
なん Grade: 2	きょく Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) なんきょく [nàńkyókú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [nã̠ŋʲkʲo̞kɯ̟]

Noun

南(なん)極(きょく) • (nankyoku)

ellipsis of 南極圏: south polar region

Proper noun

南(なん)極(きょく) • (Nankyoku)

South Pole
Antarctica (the southernmost continent, south of the Southern Ocean, containing the South Pole)

Synonyms

(south polar region): 南(なん)極(きょく)大(たい)陸(りく) (nankyoku-tairiku): Antarctica
(south pole): 南(なん)極(きょく)点(てん) (nankyokuten): South Pole

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “north polar region”): 北(ほっ)極(きょく) (hokkyoku)
(antonym(s) of “north pole”): 北(ほっ)極(きょく)点(てん) (hokkyokuten): North Pole

Coordinate terms

Landmasses: 六(ろく)大(たい)陸(りく) (rokutairiku)^{[c 1]}edit

アフリカ (Afurika)
アメリカ (Amerika)
- 北(きた)アメリカ (Kita Amerika)
- 南(みなみ)アメリカ (Minami Amerika)
オーストラリア (Ōsutoraria)
南(なん)極(きょく) (Nankyoku)
ユーラシア (Yūrashia)

^ Traditionally, Japanese distinguishes six "continents" (Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania) from six "landmasses" (Africa, North America, South America, Eurasia, Australia, Antarctica).

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.