培養

See also: 培养

Chinese

		to cultivate; to earth up	give birth; keep (pets); to support give birth; keep (pets); to support; to bring someone up; to raise (pig, etc.)
trad. (培養)		培	養
simp. (培养)		培	养

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): péiyǎng

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄟˊ ㄧㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pui⁴ joeng⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phì-yông
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): buei² ieo³ / buei² iunn³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pôe-ióng / pôe-iáng

(Teochew, Peng'im): buê⁵ iang²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: péiyǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄟˊ ㄧㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: péiyǎng
  - Wade–Giles: pʻei²-yang³
  - Yale: péi-yǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: peiryeang
  - Palladius: пэйян (pɛjjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeɪ̯³⁵ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: pui⁴ joeng⁵
  - Yale: pùih yéuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pui⁴ joeng⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: pui⁴ yêng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːi̯²¹ jœːŋ¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phì-yông
  - Hakka Romanization System: pi^ˇ iong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pi² yong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phì-yông
  - Hakka Romanization System: pi^ˇ (r)iong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pi² yong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: buei² ieo³ [Phonetic: buei⁵ ieo³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bói-â̤uⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puei¹³⁻¹¹ ieu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: buei² iunn³ [Phonetic: buei⁵ iunn³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puei²⁴⁻²¹ ĩũ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pôe-ióng
  - Tâi-lô: puê-ióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poe'iorng
  - IPA (Taipei): /pue²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pue²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pue²³⁻³³ iɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pue²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pôe-iáng
  - Tâi-lô: puê-iáng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poe'iarng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pue²³⁻³³ iaŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pue¹³⁻²² iaŋ⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: buê⁵ iang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: puê iáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iaŋ⁵²/

Verb

培養

to cultivate; to nurture; to bring up
(biology) to culture; to incubate
to train; to foster; to produce
培養人才／培养人才 ― péiyǎng réncái ― to produce talented people

Synonyms

(to cultivate): 哺育 (bǔyù), (literary, or in compounds) 培 (péi), 培育 (péiyù), 栽培 (zāipéi)
(to train): 培植 (péizhí)

Noun

培養

cultivation; education
(biology) incubation; culture
training
培養對象／培养对象 ― péiyǎng duìxiàng ― candidate for training

Derived terms

培養基 / 培养基 (péiyǎngjī)
培養液 / 培养液 (péiyǎngyè)
培養皿 / 培养皿 (péiyǎngmǐn)
培養肉 / 培养肉 (péiyǎngròu)
組織培養 / 组织培养 (zǔzhī péiyǎng)

Related terms

涵養／涵养 (hányǎng)
教養／教养 (jiàoyǎng)
教育 (jiàoyù)
修養／修养 (xiūyǎng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (培養):

→ Japanese: 培養(ばいよう) (baiyō)
→ Korean: 배양(培養) (baeyang)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
培	養
ばい Grade: S	よう Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ばいよー [bàíyóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ba̠ijo̞ː]

Noun

培(ばい)養(よう) • (baiyō)

(microbiology) culture

Derived terms

培養液(ばいようえき) (baiyōeki, “culture liquid”)

Verb

培(ばい)養(よう)する • (baiyō suru) suru (stem 培(ばい)養(よう)し (baiyō shi), past 培(ばい)養(よう)した (baiyō shita))

(microbiology) to culture

Conjugation

Conjugation of "培養する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	培養し	ばいようし	baiyō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	培養し	ばいようし	baiyō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	培養する	ばいようする	baiyō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	培養する	ばいようする	baiyō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	培養すれ	ばいようすれ	baiyō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	培養せよ¹ 培養しろ²	ばいようせよ¹ ばいようしろ²	baiyō seyo¹ baiyō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	培養される	ばいようされる	baiyō sareru
Causative	培養させる培養さす	ばいようさせるばいようさす	baiyō saseru baiyō sasu
Potential	培養できる	ばいようできる	baiyō dekiru
Volitional	培養しよう	ばいようしよう	baiyō shiyō
Negative	培養しない	ばいようしない	baiyō shinai
Negative continuative	培養せず	ばいようせず	baiyō sezu
Formal	培養します	ばいようします	baiyō shimasu
Perfective	培養した	ばいようした	baiyō shita
Conjunctive	培養して	ばいようして	baiyō shite
Hypothetical conditional	培養すれば	ばいようすれば	baiyō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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