天然
Chinese
| day; sky; heaven | so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (天然) | 天 | 然 | |
| simp. #(天然) | 天 | 然 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tin1 jin4
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): tiĕng-iòng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): teng1 zeng2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1thi-zoe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tiānrán
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄖㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tianrán
- Wade–Giles: tʻien1-jan2
- Yale: tyān-rán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianran
- Palladius: тяньжань (tjanʹžanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tin1 jin4
- Yale: tīn yìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: tin1 jin4
- Guangdong Romanization: tin1 yin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-yèn
- Hakka Romanization System: tienˊ ienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tian1 yan2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴ i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-yàn
- Hakka Romanization System: tienˊ (r)ianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tian1 yan2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴ (j)i̯an¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: tienˋ rhan
- Sinological IPA: /tʰien⁵³ ʒan⁵⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: teng1 zeng2 [Phonetic: teng5 neng2]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: teng-céng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ (t͡s-)nɛŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: teng1 zeng2 [Phonetic: teng5 neng2]
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ (t͡s-)nɛŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-liân
- Tâi-lô: thian-liân
- Phofsit Daibuun: tienlieen
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ liɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-jiân
- Tâi-lô: thian-jiân
- Phofsit Daibuun: tienjieen
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɛn²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziɛn¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tiang1 riang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiang jiâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
- Wu
Adjective
天然
- (attributive) natural (produced by nature)
Usage notes
天然 (tiānrán) can only be used as an attributive to describe things that are literally produced by nature. Unlike the usual term for natural, 自然 (zìrán), it cannot be graded or used figuratively.
Synonyms
- 自然 (zìrán)
Derived terms
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (天然):
- → Japanese: 天然 (tennen)
- → Korean: 천연(天然) (cheonyeon)
- → Vietnamese: thiên nhiên (天然)
References
- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “天然”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 533.
- “Entry #809”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 天 | 然 |
| てん Grade: 1 |
ねん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
天然 • (tennen)
Derived terms
References
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 天 | 然 |
Noun
天然 • (cheonyeon) (hangeul 천연)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 天 | 然 |
Noun
天然
- chữ Hán form of thiên nhiên (“nature”)
Adjective
天然
- chữ Hán form of thiên nhiên (“natural”)