女媧

See also: 女娲

Chinese

		female; woman; daughter	surname; sister of Fu2 Xi1
trad. (女媧)		女	媧
simp. (女娲)		女	娲

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Nǚwā

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄩˇ ㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): neoi⁵ wo¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Lú-o / Lí-o / Lír-o͘ / Lú-oa / Lí-oa / Lír-oa / Lír-koa / Lí-koa / Lú-koa

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Nǚwā
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄩˇ ㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Nyǔwa
  - Wade–Giles: Nü³-wa¹
  - Yale: Nyǔ-wā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Neuua
  - Palladius: Нюйва (Njujva)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: neoi⁵ wo¹
  - Yale: néuih wō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: noey⁵ wo¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: nêu⁵ wo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɵy̯¹³ wɔː⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lú-o
  - Tâi-lô: Lú-o
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lwoy
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɤ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ o⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lí-o
  - Tâi-lô: Lí-o
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lyoy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ o⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lír-o͘
  - Tâi-lô: Lír-oo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɔ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lú-oa
  - Tâi-lô: Lú-ua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lwoaf
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ua⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lí-oa
  - Tâi-lô: Lí-ua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lyoaf
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ua⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lír-oa
  - Tâi-lô: Lír-ua
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ua³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lír-koa
  - Tâi-lô: Lír-kua
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kua³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lí-koa
  - Tâi-lô: Lí-kua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ly'koaf
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kua⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lú-koa
  - Tâi-lô: Lú-kua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lw'koaf
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kua⁴⁴/

Note:

Lú-o — the most common reading in Taiwan;
Lí-koa/Lú-koa — uncommon.

Middle Chinese: nrjoX kwea

Rime
Character	女	媧
Reading #	1/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	娘 (12)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	佳 (32)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	尼吕切	古娃切
Baxter	nrjoX	kwea
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɳɨʌ^X/	/kˠuɛ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɳiɔ^X/	/kʷᵚæ/
Shao Rongfen	/niɔ^X/	/kuæi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɳɨə̆^X/	/kwaɨj/
Li Rong	/niɔ^X/	/kuɛ/
Wang Li	/nĭo^X/	/kwai/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ni̯wo^X/	/kwai/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nǚ	guā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	neoi⁵	gwaai¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*naʔ kroːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	女
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nǚ
Middle Chinese	‹ nrjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*nraʔ/
English	female
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	女	媧
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	9616	4385
Phonetic component	女	冎
Rime group	魚	歌
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime		瓜
Old Chinese	/*naʔ/	/*kroːl/

Proper noun

女媧

(Chinese mythology) Nüwa, the goddess who repaired heaven and created mankind

Synonyms

媧皇／娲皇 (Wāhuáng)
女媧娘娘／女娲娘娘

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (女媧):

→ Japanese: 女(じょ)媧(か) (Joka)
→ Korean: 여와(女媧) (Yeowa)
→ Vietnamese: Nữ Oa (女媧)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
女	媧
じょ Grade: 1	か Hyōgai
kan'on

Etymology

From Chinese 女媧 / 女娲 (Nǚwā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d͡ʑo̞ka̠]

Proper noun

女(じょ)媧(か) • (Joka) ^{←ぢよくわ (Dyokwa)^?}

(Chinese mythology) Nüwa

Korean

Hanja in this term
女	媧

Proper noun

女媧 • (Yeowa) (hangeul 여와)

hanja form^? of 여와 (“Nüwa”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
女	媧

Proper noun

女媧

chữ Hán form of Nữ Oa (“Nüwa”)