孤苦
Chinese
| lone; lonely | bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (孤苦) | 孤 | 苦 | |
| simp. #(孤苦) | 孤 | 苦 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gu1 fu2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kû-khú
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko͘-khó͘
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gūkǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ㄎㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gukǔ
- Wade–Giles: ku1-kʻu3
- Yale: gū-kǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gukuu
- Palladius: гуку (guku)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gu1 fu2
- Yale: gū fú
- Cantonese Pinyin: gu1 fu2
- Guangdong Romanization: gu1 fu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuː⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû-khú
- Hakka Romanization System: guˊ kuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gu1 ku3
- Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴ kʰu³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-khó͘
- Tâi-lô: koo-khóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: ko'qor
- IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien)
Adjective
孤苦
Derived terms
- 孤苦伶仃 (gūkǔlíngdīng)