孤

孤 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+5 in Chinese, 子+6 in Japanese, 8 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓木竹女人 (NDHVO), four-corner 1243₀, composition ⿰子瓜)

• 𦋆, 箛, 𦣮, 菰, 𡍢, 𡦈, 𡦶, 𢮩, 𣔞, 𦁣, 𧍆, 𨂗, 𨔌, 𩸰, 𪂮, 𪂲, 𪧄, 𪽵, 𫛈

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 279, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6966
• Dae Jaweon: page 547, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1014, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5B64

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʷaː): semantic 子 (“child”) + phonetic 瓜 (OC *kʷraː).

Related to 寡 (OC *kʷraːʔ, “alone; widow”), 鰥 (OC *kruːn, *kruːns, “widower”) (Schuessler, 2007).

孤

1. orphaned; parentless
2. alone; solitary; sole; lone
3. orphan
4. (usually by an emperor or a king) I

   • 秦伯素服郊次，鄉師而哭曰：「孤違蹇叔，以辱二三子，孤之罪也。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     秦伯素服郊次，乡师而哭曰：「孤违蹇叔，以辱二三子，孤之罪也。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Qín bó sùfú jiāocì, xiàng shī ér kū yuē: “Gū wéi Jiǎnshū, yǐ rǔ èrsānzǐ, gū zhī zuì yě.” [Pinyin]

     The earl of Qin, in white mourning garments, was waiting for them in the borders of the capital, and wept, looking in the direction where the army had been lost. He said, "I have gone against the counsel of Jian Shu and thus brought disgrace on you, my generals; it is my crime."

5. (Hokkien) only; just; solely

   Synonyms: 孤單 / 孤单 (ko͘-toaⁿ / ko͘-tan), 干焦 (kan-ta / kan-na), 孤啊 (ko͘-ā)

   伊孤叫汝去,無叫我去。 [Hokkien, trad.]
   伊孤叫汝去,无叫我去。 [Hokkien, simp.]

   I ko͘ kiò lí khì, bô kiò góa khì. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   He/she solely called you to go, didn't call me to go.

6. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) Classifier for persons.

   Synonym: 個 / 个 (ê / gê)

   一孤人 [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t ko͘ lâng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  one person

   這孤人／这孤人 [Hokkien]  ―  chit ko͘ lâng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  this person

7. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) Refers to a lonesome ghost or lonely soul.

   孝孤 [Hokkien]  ―  hàu-ko͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to show respect by offerring food to lonely departed souls

• For Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien: When used as a classifier where 人 (lâng) does not come after, 股 (kó͘) may also be used, e.g.:

  有幾股？／有几股？ [Hokkien]  ―  Ū kúi kó͘? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  How many?

  有來三股／有来三股 [Hokkien]  ―  Ū lâi saⁿ kó͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Three came

• “孤”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Jōyō kanji)

1. solitude, alone
2. orphan

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
• Kun: みなしご (minashigo, 孤)、ひとり (hitori, 孤り)

From Middle Chinese 孤 (MC ku).

• (Tokyo) こ [kóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞]

孤(こ) • (ko) 

1. an orphan
2. solitude

孤(こ) • (ko) -na (adnominal 孤(こ)な (ko na), adverbial 孤(こ)に (ko ni))

1. solitary

From Middle Chinese 孤 (MC ku). Recorded as Middle Korean 고 (kwo) (Yale: ko) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Wikisource

孤 (eumhun 외로울 고 (oeroul go))

1. hanja form^? of 고 (“solitude; orphan”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

孤: Hán Nôm readings: cô, co, còi, côi, go, gò

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.