几

See also: 凡, 凢, 儿, 幾, Л, and л

几	U+51E0, 几 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51E0

← 凟
[U+51DF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

凡 →
[U+51E1]

⼏	U+2F0F, ⼏ KANGXI RADICAL TABLE

← ⼎
[U+2F0E]

Kangxi Radicals

⼐ →
[U+2F10]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

几 (Kangxi radical 16, 几+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓 (HN), four-corner 7721₀, composition ⿰丿㇈)

Kangxi radical #16, ⼏.
Shuōwén Jiězì radical №493

Usage notes

This character is not to be confused with 𠘧 (U+20627) which is another radical in Shuōwén.

Derived characters

Appendix:Chinese radical/几
仉, 叽, 𡚫, 㞦, 𢁒, 𢎪, 𢖯, 𢩫, 㲹, 𤜝, 𨸔, 机, 𭭙, 𣦽, 𣬠, 玑, 肌, 矶, 𥘌, 𬓠, 竌, 䘛, 籶, 𥾊, 𰭗, 𫇔, 虮, 𮗸, 𧺋, 𧾾, 䡄, 𨱙, 釠(𰽕), 𮓟, 𩉜, 飢(饥), 𩨒, 𮬥, 𪊋, 𣽳, 𧇔, 𧶹, 𪗗
亢, 𡯂, 冗, 𭅠, 宂, 𫵳, 𭙍, 芁, 𣱻, 𠫞, 𤴪, 𥃯, 秃, 𥤤, 𥩕, 𦒲, 虎, 𧘊, 𧟣, 咒, 壳, 𢆻, 亮, 𩁸, 𣑽, 𧦕, 髠, 焭, 𪎑, 麂, 𨳋, 𭍚
䢳, 𧆡, 𩑏, 𬺲, 𧦔, 斻, 𣃲
讥, 机 (Simplified from 譏, 機 in traditional Chinese)
See also 𠘧#Derived characters
See also 𠘨#Derived characters

Related characters

幾 (Traditional form of 几)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 133, character 57
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1737
Dae Jaweon: page 299, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 275, character 19
Unihan data for U+51E0

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 几
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
肌	*kril
飢	*kril
机	kril, krilʔ
虮	*kril
几	*krilʔ
麂	*krilʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a small stool viewed from the side. The original version was 𠀃, in which the horizontal stroke at the bottom represents the floor and/or the ground.

See also the bottom component of 其, 真, and 典, in which 八 is the stylization of the legs of a table.

Unrelated to 鉛, in which the top component is a stylization of 八, representing stagnant water. Also unrelated to 朵, 凡, and 殳.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		几
alternative forms		𠀃机

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krəj (“foot, leg; stool”). Compare Tibetan ཁྲི (khri) and Burmese ခြေ (hkre).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jī, jǐ (ji¹, ji³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ, ㄐㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gei¹ / gei²
Eastern Min (BUC): gī
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kí
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ci

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jī
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ji
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
  - Wade–Giles: chi³
  - Yale: jǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gei¹ / gei²
  - Yale: gēi / géi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹ / gei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi¹ / géi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵/, /kei̯³⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gi¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí
  - Tâi-lô: kí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ci
  - MiniDict: ci^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: kjijX

Rime
Character	几
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居履切
Baxter	kjijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiɪ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ki^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kjɪ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ki^X/
Li Rong	/ki^X/
Wang Li	/ki^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.kr[ə]jʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*krilʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	几
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ kij^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.kr[ə]jʔ/
English	stool
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	几
Reading #	1/1
No.	5760
Phonetic component
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*krilʔ/

Definitions

几

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) stool; chair
- 謀於長者，必操几杖以從之。長者問，不辭讓而對，非禮也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  谋于长者，必操几杖以从之。长者问，不辞让而对，非礼也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Móu yú zhǎngzhě, bì cāo jī zhàng yǐ cóng zhī. Zhǎngzhě wèn, bù círàng ér duì, fēilǐ yě. [Pinyin]
  In going to take counsel with an elder, one must carry a stool and a staff with him (for the elder's use). When the elder asks a question, to reply without acknowledging one's incompetency and (trying to) decline answering, is contrary to propriety.
long narrow table; bench
small table
茶几 ― chájī ― tea table

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (几):

→ Japanese: 几(き) (ki)
→ Korean: 궤(几) (gwe)
→ Vietnamese: kỉ (几)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: ghế (“chair”)

Compounds

伏几
几几
几席
几杖
几案 (jī'àn)
几筵
方几
明窗淨几
燕几
窗明几淨 (chuāngmíngjījìng)
茶几
隱几
雪窗螢几
高几

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 几 – see 幾 (“how much; how many; what; which; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 幾).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 几 – see 人 (“man; person; people; a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 人).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 几 – see 明 (“bright; light; brilliant; clear; limpid; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 明).

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 几 – see 𠘧 (“refers to the wings of a bird in flight; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 𠘧).

Japanese

Kanji

几

(Hyōgai kanji)

table, table enclosure
table or wind radical

Readings

Go-on: き (ki)
Kan-on: き (ki)
Kun: つくえ (tsukue, 几)
Nanori: おしまずき (oshimazuki)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

几 (eumhun 안석 궤 (anseok gwe))

back rest
desk

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

几: Hán Nôm readings: kỉ

chữ Hán form of kỉ (“Kangxi radical 16—‘small table’”)