長者

Chinese

		long; length; forever long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop	‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does something)
trad. (長者)		長	者
simp. (长者)		长	者

Etymology

“Jiang Zemin”

Quoted from an interview with a Hong Kong journalist (the term 圖樣圖森破／图样图森破 (túyàngtúsēnpò) is also derived from the same interview):

我很抱歉，我今天是作為一個長者跟你們講。 [MSC, trad.]
我很抱歉，我今天是作为一个长者跟你们讲。 [MSC, simp.]

Wǒ hěn bàoqiàn, wǒ jīntiān shì zuòwèi yīge zhǎngzhě gēn nǐmen jiǎng. [Pinyin]

I'm very sorry. Today I am speaking to you as an elder.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhǎngzhě

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄜˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zoeng² ze²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ziang² zie²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tióng-chiá

(Teochew, Peng'im): ziang² zia²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎngzhě [Phonetic: zhángzhě]
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄜˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎngjhě
  - Wade–Giles: chang³-chê³
  - Yale: jǎng-jě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaangjee
  - Palladius: чжанчжэ (čžančžɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zoeng² ze²
  - Yale: jéung jé
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng² dze²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêng² zé²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːŋ³⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ziang² zie²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siaŋ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tióng-chiá
  - Tâi-lô: tióng-tsiá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diofngciar
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziang² zia²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiáng tsiá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sia⁵²⁻²¹/

Middle Chinese: trjangX tsyaeX

Rime
Character	長	者
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	知丈切	章也切
Baxter	trjangX	tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨɐŋ^X/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɐŋ^X/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɑŋ^X/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈɨaŋ^X/	/cia^X/
Li Rong	/ȶiaŋ^X/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Wang Li	/ȶĭaŋ^X/	/t͡ɕĭa^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯aŋ^X/	/t͡ɕi̯a^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎng	zhě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng²	ze²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*traŋʔ tAʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*taŋʔ tjaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	長	者
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎng	zhě
Middle Chinese	‹ trjang^X ›	‹ tsyæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*traŋʔ/	/*tAʔ/
English	grow; elder	(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	長	者
Reading #	1/3	1/1
No.	1263	16960
Phonetic component	長	者
Rime group	陽	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	長	者
Old Chinese	/*taŋʔ/	/*tjaːʔ/
Notes		說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水，爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Noun

長者

elder; senior
rich person
a term of respect for a man
(archaic) high official
(archaic) person of high moral standing
(archaic) well-known person; celebrity

Derived terms

長者智人 / 长者智人 (zhǎngzhě zhìrén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (長者):

→ Japanese: 長(ちょう)者(じゃ) (chōja)
→ Korean: 장자(長者) (jangja)
→ Vietnamese: trưởng giả (長者)

Proper noun

長者

(Internet slang) Jiang Zemin

Japanese

Kanji in this term
長	者
ちょう Grade: 2	しゃ > じゃ Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちょーじゃ [chòójá] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
(Tokyo) ちょーじゃ [chóꜜòjà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːʑa̠]

Noun

長(ちょう)者(じゃ) • (chōja) ^{←ちやうじや (tyauzya)^?}

(also ちょうしゃ) elder; senior; a virtuous person
rich person
百(ひゃく)万(まん)長(ちょう)者(じゃ)、億(おく)万(まん)長(ちょう)者(じゃ)
hyakumanchōja, okumanchōja
millionaire, billionaire
leader of a lineage
(archaic) chief of a post station (shukuba)
(archaic) owner or leader of a brothel in a post station (shukuba)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
長	者

Noun

長者 • (jangja) (hangeul 장자)

hanja form^? of 장자 (“very wealthy person; wise and virtuous older person; etc.”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
長	者

Noun

長者 • (trưởng giả)

chữ Hán form of trưởng giả (“bourgeois”)